Getting into the Details of Variables | Learning C# 7 By Developing Games with Unity 2017

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Learning C# 7 By Developing Games with Unity 2017

By : DaGraça, Grzegorz Lukosek

3.6 (7)

Learning C# 7 By Developing Games with Unity 2017

3.6 (7)

By: DaGraça, Grzegorz Lukosek

Overview of this book

Do you want to learn C# programming by creating fun and interactive games using the latest Unity 2017 platform? If so, look no further; this is the right book for you. Get started with programming C# so you can create 2D and 3D games in Unity. We will walk you through the basics to get you started with C# 7 and its latest features. Then, explore the use of C# 7 and its latest functional programming capabilities to create amazing games with Unity 2017. You will create your first C# script for Unity, add objects into it, and learn how to create game elements with it. Work with the latest functional programming features of C# and leverage them for great game scripting. Throughout the book, you will learn to use the new Unity 2017 2D tool set and create an interactive 2D game with it. You will make enemies appear to challenge your player, and discover some optimization techniques for great game performance. At the end, you will learn how to transform a 2D game into 3D, and you will be able to skill up to become a pro C# programmer with Unity 2017!

Preface

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Free Chapter

Discovering Your Hidden Scripting Skills and Getting Your Environment Ready

Discovering Your Hidden Scripting Skills and Getting Your Environment Ready

Prerequisite knowledge to use this book

Dealing with scriptphobia

Downloading Unity

Teaching behavior to GameObjects

C# documentation – where to find it and do I need it at all?

Working with C# script files

Creating a C# script file

Introducing the MonoDevelop code editor

Instance? What is this?

Summary

Introducing the Building Blocks for Unity Scripts

Introducing the Building Blocks for Unity Scripts

Understanding what a variable is and what it does

What is a method?

Introducing the class

The Start(), Update(), and Awake() methods, and the execution order

Components that communicate using dot syntax

Making decisions in code

Pencil and paper are powerful tools

Summary

Getting into the Details of Variables

Getting into the Details of Variables

Writing C# statements properly

Understanding component properties in Unity's Inspector

Changing a property's value in the Inspector panel

Private variables

Naming your variables properly

Beginning variable names with lowercase

Using multiword variable names

Declaring a variable and its type

Assigning values while declaring a variable

Where you declare a variable is important

Variable scope - determining where a variable can be used

Summary

Getting into the Details of Methods

Getting into the Details of Methods

Using methods in a script

Naming methods properly

Defining a method the right way

Understanding parentheses - why are they there?

Specifying a method's parameters

Returning a value from a method

Summary

Lists, Arrays, and Dictionaries

Lists, Arrays, and Dictionaries

What is an array?

Storing items in the List

List <T> versus arrays

Retrieving the data from the Array or List<T>

ArrayList

Dictionaries

Summary

Loops

Loops

Introduction to loops

The foreach loop

The for loop

The while loop

while versus for loops

Loops in statements

Modulo

Searching for data inside an array

Breaking the loop

Summary

Object, a Container with Variables and Methods

Object, a Container with Variables and Methods

Working with objects is a class act

Instantiating an object

Bored yet?

Using methods with objects

Custom constructors

Overloading

Summary

Let's Make a Game! – from Idea to Development

Let's Make a Game! – from Idea to Development

Your first game – avoiding the trap of the never–ending concept

What do I need to learn before I start creating my own game?

Game mechanics and core components

Breaking the concept into smaller parts

Testing the mechanics

Target platform and resolution

Target screen resolution

Summary

Starting Your First Game

Starting Your First Game

Setting up a new Unity project for our game

Preparing the player prefab

PlayerController

User input

Animator

Code

Summary

Writing GameManager

Writing GameManager

Gameplay loops

Singleton class

Starting the game

Setting up input keys

Using triggers

Restarting the game

Setting up the player starting position

Code in this chapter

Summary

The Game Level

The Game Level

Designed levels versus generated levels

Creating a designed level

Creating a generated level

Creating a copy of the level piece

Instantiating

Vector3

Testing LevelGenerator

Extending the level

The code used in this chapter

Summary

The User Interface

The User Interface

Introducting the Unity UI

Views

Buttons

Hiding and showing the Canvas

Reference exceptions

GameView

The code in this chapter

Summary

Collectables

Collectables

Collectables

The coin prefab

High score and persisting data

Health Points and Health bar

Magic Points and Magic bar

The code in this chapter

Summary

Enemies

Enemies

What makes an enemy?

Movement

The code in this chapter

Summary

Audio, 3D Games, and Export

Audio, 3D Games, and Export

How to add sound effects and music

How to create a 3D game

How to export and make it playable

Code

Summary

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Private variables

Not all variables need to be public. If there's no need for a variable to be changed in the Inspector panel or be accessed from other scripts, it doesn't make sense to clutter the Inspector panel with needless properties. In the LearningScript, perform the following steps:

Change line 6 to this:

private int number1 = 2;

Then change line 7 to the following:

int number2 = 9;

Save the file
In Unity, select Main Camera

You will notice in the Inspector panel that both properties, Number 1 andNumber 2, are gone:

Line 6: private int number1 = 2;

The preceding line explicitly states that the number1 variable has to be private. Therefore, the variable is no longer a property in the Inspector panel. It is now a private variable for storing data:

Line 7: int number2 = 9;

The number2 variable is no longer visible as a property either, but you didn't specify it as private. If you don't explicitly state whether a variable will be public or private, by default, the variable will implicitly be...

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