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Mastering Embedded Linux Development

Mastering Embedded Linux Development

By : Frank Vasquez, Mr. Chris Simmonds
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Mastering Embedded Linux Development

Mastering Embedded Linux Development

By: Frank Vasquez, Mr. Chris Simmonds

Overview of this book

Mastering Embedded Linux Development' is designed to be both a learning resource and a reference for your embedded Linux projects. The book starts by breaking down the fundamental elements that underpin all embedded Linux projects: the toolchain, the bootloader, the kernel, and the root filesystem. First, you will download and install a pre-built toolchain. After that, you will cross-compile each of the remaining three elements from scratch and learn to automate the process using Buildroot and the Yocto Project. The book progresses with coverage of over-the-air software updates and rapid prototyping with add-on boards. Two new chapters tackle modern development practices including Python packaging and deploying containerized applications. These are followed by a chapter on writing multithreaded code and another on techniques to manage memory in an efficient way. The final chapters demonstrate how to debug your code, whether it resides in user space or in the Linux kernel itself. In addition to GDB, the book also covers the different tracers and profilers that are available for Linux so that you can quickly pinpoint any performance bottlenecks in your system. By the end of this book, you will be able to create efficient and secure embedded devices with Linux that will delight your users.
Table of Contents (28 chapters)
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1
Part 1: Elements of Embedded Linux
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7
Part 2: Building Embedded Linux Images
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11
Part 3: System Architecture and Design Decisions
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18
Part 4: Developing Applications
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21
Learning about Processes and Threads
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23
Part 5: Debugging and Optimizing Performance
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27
Index
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User-space memory layout

Linux employs a lazy allocation strategy for user space, only mapping physical pages of memory when the program accesses it. For example, allocating a buffer of 1 MB using malloc(3) returns a pointer to a block of memory addresses but no actual physical memory. A flag is set in the page table entries such that any read or write access is trapped by the kernel. This is known as a page fault. Only at this point does the kernel attempt to find a page of physical memory and add it to the page table mapping for the process. Let’s demonstrate this with a simple program from MELD/Chapter18/pagefault-demo:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#define BUFFER_SIZE (1024 * 1024)
void print_pgfaults(void)
{
    int ret;
    struct rusage usage;
    ret = getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &usage);
    if (ret == -1) {
        perror("getrusage");
    } else {
        printf("Major...

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