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Refactoring with C++

Refactoring with C++

By : Dmitry Danilov
5 (2)
Buy this Book
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Refactoring with C++

Refactoring with C++

5 (2)
By: Dmitry Danilov
Buy this Book

Overview of this book

Despite the prevalence of higher-level languages, C++ is still running the world, from bare-metal embedded systems to distributed cloud-native systems. C++ is on the frontline whenever there is a need for a performance-sensitive tool supporting complex data structures. The language has been actively evolving for the last two decades. This book is a comprehensive guide that shows you how to implement SOLID principles and refactor legacy code using the modern features and approaches of C++, the standard library, Boost library collection, and Guidelines Support Library by Microsoft. The book begins by describing the essential elements of writing clean code and discussing object-oriented programming in C++. You’ll explore the design principles of software testing with examples of using popular unit testing frameworks such as Google Test. The book also guides you through applying automated tools for static and dynamic code analysis using Clang Tools. By the end of this book, you’ll be proficient in applying industry-approved coding practices to design clean, sustainable, and readable real-world C++ code.
Table of Contents (18 chapters)
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Preface
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Preface
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Who this book is for
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What this book covers
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To get the most out of this book
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Download the example code files
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Conventions used
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Get in touch
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Share Your Thoughts
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Download a free PDF copy of this book
1
Chapter 1: Coding Standards in C++
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Chapter 1: Coding Standards in C++
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The difference between good code and bad code
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Why coding standards are important
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Readability, efficiency, maintainability, and usability
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Summary
Free Chapter
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Chapter 2: Main Software Development Principles
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Chapter 2: Main Software Development Principles
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SOLID
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The KISS principle
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Side effects and immutability
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Summary
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Chapter 3: Causes of Bad Code
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Chapter 3: Causes of Bad Code
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The need to deliver the product
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The developer’s personal taste
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Multiple ways of solving the same problem in C++
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Lack of knowledge in C++
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Insufficient pointer usage
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Summary
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Chapter 4: Identifying Ideal Candidates for Rewriting – Patterns and Anti-Patterns
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Chapter 4: Identifying Ideal Candidates for Rewriting – Patterns and Anti-Patterns
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What kind of code is worth rewriting?
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Smelly code and its basic characteristics
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Anti-patterns
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Legacy code
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Summary
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Chapter 5: The Significance of Naming
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Chapter 5: The Significance of Naming
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General naming principles
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Exploring popular C++ coding conventions – Google, LLVM, and Mozilla
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Summary
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Chapter 6: Utilizing a Rich Static Type System in C++
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Chapter 6: Utilizing a Rich Static Type System in C++
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Utilizing Chrono for time duration
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Improving Pointer Safety with not_null and std::optional
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Strong typing with enum class and scoped enumerations
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Leveraging the standard library’s type utilities
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Avoiding common pitfalls in advanced type usage
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Summary
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Chapter 7: Classes, Objects, and OOP in C++
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Chapter 7: Classes, Objects, and OOP in C++
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Good candidates for classes
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Inheritance in C++
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Templates and generic programming
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How templates are instantiated
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A real-world example of template usage in C++
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Summary
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Chapter 8: Designing and Developing APIs in C++
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Chapter 8: Designing and Developing APIs in C++
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Principles of minimalistic API design
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Techniques for achieving minimalism
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Real-world examples of minimalistic API design
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Common pitfalls and how to avoid them
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Important caveats of developing shared libraries in C++
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Summary
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Chapter 9: Code Formatting and Naming Conventions
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Chapter 9: Code Formatting and Naming Conventions
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Why is code formatting important?
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Overview of existing tools that facilitate compliance with coding conventions
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Clang-Format configuration – a deep dive into customizing your formatting rules
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Integrating Clang-Format into the build system
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Clang-Format report examples
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Extending for code format checks for CI
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Clang-Format support across various editors
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Checking name styling
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Integrating Clang-Tidy into the build system
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Checking source code name styling with Clang-Tidy
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Fixing naming issues automatically
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Example project
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Clang-Tidy support across various editors
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Summary
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Chapter 10: Introduction to Static Analysis in C++
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Chapter 10: Introduction to Static Analysis in C++
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The essence of static analysis
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Compiler settings to harden C++ code
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Static analysis via multiple compilers
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Exploring static analysis with Clang-Tidy
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Overview of static analysis tools – comparing PVS-Studio, SonarQube, and others to Clang-Tidy
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Summary
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Chapter 11: Dynamic Analysis
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Chapter 11: Dynamic Analysis
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Compiler-based dynamic code analysis
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Dynamic code analysis with Valgrind
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Other notable tools in the Valgrind suite
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Summary
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Chapter 12: Testing
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Chapter 12: Testing
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Test-driven development
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Unit testing in C++
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C++ unit testing frameworks
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Google Test and Google Mock
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Integrating Google Test into a C++ project
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Usage of Google Test in C++ projects
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Writing a simple test
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Using a test fixture
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The main function
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Running Google Test tests
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Advanced features of Google Test
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Using gMock in C++ projects
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Example of using gMock
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Other notable C++ unit testing frameworks
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Good candidates for unit tests
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E2E testing in software development
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Situations favoring E2E testing
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Automatic test coverage tracking tools
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Summary
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Chapter 13: Modern Approach to Managing Third Parties
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Chapter 13: Modern Approach to Managing Third Parties
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Overview of linking and shared V threads::ThreadsS static libraries
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Managing third-party libraries in C++
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Conan – advanced dependency management
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CMake integration
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vcpkg
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Summary
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Chapter 14: Version Control
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Chapter 14: Version Control
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What is a good commit?
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Conventional Commits specification
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Commitlint – enforcing commit message standards
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Generating changelogs
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Utilizing git-bisect in bug hunting
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Summary
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Chapter 15: Code Review
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Chapter 15: Code Review
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What is a code review and why is it needed?
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Benefits of code reviews
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Preparing for code reviews
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How to pass a code review
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How to efficiently dispute during a code review
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How to be a good reviewer
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Summary
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Index
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Index
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Why subscribe?
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Other Books You May Enjoy
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Other Books You May Enjoy
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Checking source code name styling with Clang-Tidy

Now that we’ve successfully configured Clang-Tidy’s rules and integrated the tool into our CMake build system, it’s time for a real-world test. For this purpose, we’ll use a snippet of C++ code that deliberately violates the naming conventions we’ve established:

#include <string>
#include <vector>
namespace Filesystem { // CamelCase instead of lower_case
enum class Permissions : uint8_t { READ, WRITE, execute };
struct User {
    std::string name_; // redundant suffix _ for public member
    int Id = 0;        // CamelCase instead of lower_case
    Permissions permissions;
};
class file { // lower_case instead of CamelCase
public:
    file(int id, const std::string &file_name,
         const std::vector<User> access_list...

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