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Refactoring with C++

Refactoring with C++

By : Dmitry Danilov
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Refactoring with C++

Refactoring with C++

5 (2)
By: Dmitry Danilov
Buy this Book

Overview of this book

Despite the prevalence of higher-level languages, C++ is still running the world, from bare-metal embedded systems to distributed cloud-native systems. C++ is on the frontline whenever there is a need for a performance-sensitive tool supporting complex data structures. The language has been actively evolving for the last two decades. This book is a comprehensive guide that shows you how to implement SOLID principles and refactor legacy code using the modern features and approaches of C++, the standard library, Boost library collection, and Guidelines Support Library by Microsoft. The book begins by describing the essential elements of writing clean code and discussing object-oriented programming in C++. You’ll explore the design principles of software testing with examples of using popular unit testing frameworks such as Google Test. The book also guides you through applying automated tools for static and dynamic code analysis using Clang Tools. By the end of this book, you’ll be proficient in applying industry-approved coding practices to design clean, sustainable, and readable real-world C++ code.
Table of Contents (18 chapters)
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Preface
Preface
Who this book is for
What this book covers
To get the most out of this book
Download the example code files
Conventions used
Get in touch
Share Your Thoughts
Download a free PDF copy of this book
1
Chapter 1: Coding Standards in C++
Chapter 1: Coding Standards in C++
The difference between good code and bad code
Why coding standards are important
Readability, efficiency, maintainability, and usability
Summary
Free Chapter
2
Chapter 2: Main Software Development Principles
Chapter 2: Main Software Development Principles
SOLID
The KISS principle
Side effects and immutability
Summary
3
Chapter 3: Causes of Bad Code
Chapter 3: Causes of Bad Code
The need to deliver the product
The developer’s personal taste
Multiple ways of solving the same problem in C++
Lack of knowledge in C++
Insufficient pointer usage
Summary
4
Chapter 4: Identifying Ideal Candidates for Rewriting – Patterns and Anti-Patterns
Chapter 4: Identifying Ideal Candidates for Rewriting – Patterns and Anti-Patterns
What kind of code is worth rewriting?
Smelly code and its basic characteristics
Anti-patterns
Legacy code
Summary
5
Chapter 5: The Significance of Naming
Chapter 5: The Significance of Naming
General naming principles
Exploring popular C++ coding conventions – Google, LLVM, and Mozilla
Summary
6
Chapter 6: Utilizing a Rich Static Type System in C++
Chapter 6: Utilizing a Rich Static Type System in C++
Utilizing Chrono for time duration
Improving Pointer Safety with not_null and std::optional
Strong typing with enum class and scoped enumerations
Leveraging the standard library’s type utilities
Avoiding common pitfalls in advanced type usage
Summary
7
Chapter 7: Classes, Objects, and OOP in C++
Chapter 7: Classes, Objects, and OOP in C++
Good candidates for classes
Inheritance in C++
Templates and generic programming
How templates are instantiated
A real-world example of template usage in C++
Summary
8
Chapter 8: Designing and Developing APIs in C++
Chapter 8: Designing and Developing APIs in C++
Principles of minimalistic API design
Techniques for achieving minimalism
Real-world examples of minimalistic API design
Common pitfalls and how to avoid them
Important caveats of developing shared libraries in C++
Summary
9
Chapter 9: Code Formatting and Naming Conventions
Chapter 9: Code Formatting and Naming Conventions
Why is code formatting important?
Overview of existing tools that facilitate compliance with coding conventions
Clang-Format configuration – a deep dive into customizing your formatting rules
Integrating Clang-Format into the build system
Clang-Format report examples
Extending for code format checks for CI
Clang-Format support across various editors
Checking name styling
Integrating Clang-Tidy into the build system
Checking source code name styling with Clang-Tidy
Fixing naming issues automatically
Example project
Clang-Tidy support across various editors
Summary
10
Chapter 10: Introduction to Static Analysis in C++
Chapter 10: Introduction to Static Analysis in C++
The essence of static analysis
Compiler settings to harden C++ code
Static analysis via multiple compilers
Exploring static analysis with Clang-Tidy
Overview of static analysis tools – comparing PVS-Studio, SonarQube, and others to Clang-Tidy
Summary
11
Chapter 11: Dynamic Analysis
Chapter 11: Dynamic Analysis
Compiler-based dynamic code analysis
Dynamic code analysis with Valgrind
Other notable tools in the Valgrind suite
Summary
12
Chapter 12: Testing
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Chapter 12: Testing
Test-driven development
Unit testing in C++
C++ unit testing frameworks
Google Test and Google Mock
Integrating Google Test into a C++ project
Usage of Google Test in C++ projects
Writing a simple test
Using a test fixture
The main function
Running Google Test tests
Advanced features of Google Test
Using gMock in C++ projects
Example of using gMock
Other notable C++ unit testing frameworks
Good candidates for unit tests
E2E testing in software development
Situations favoring E2E testing
Automatic test coverage tracking tools
Summary
13
Chapter 13: Modern Approach to Managing Third Parties
Chapter 13: Modern Approach to Managing Third Parties
Overview of linking and shared V threads::ThreadsS static libraries
Managing third-party libraries in C++
Conan – advanced dependency management
CMake integration
vcpkg
Summary
14
Chapter 14: Version Control
Chapter 14: Version Control
What is a good commit?
Conventional Commits specification
Commitlint – enforcing commit message standards
Generating changelogs
Utilizing git-bisect in bug hunting
Summary
15
Chapter 15: Code Review
Chapter 15: Code Review
What is a code review and why is it needed?
Benefits of code reviews
Preparing for code reviews
How to pass a code review
How to efficiently dispute during a code review
How to be a good reviewer
Summary
16
Index
Index
Why subscribe?
17
Other Books You May Enjoy
Other Books You May Enjoy
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Writing a simple test

A simple test in Google Test can be written using the TEST macro, which defines a test function. Within this function, you can use various assertions to verify the behavior of your code. Here’s a basic example:

#include <gtest/gtest.h>
int add(int a, int b) {
    return a + b;
}
TEST(AdditionTest, HandlesPositiveNumbers) {
    EXPECT_EQ(5, add(2, 3));
}

In this example, EXPECT_EQ is used to assert that the add function returns the expected sum of two positive numbers. Google Test provides a variety of assertions such as EXPECT_GT (greater than), EXPECT_TRUE (Boolean true), and many others for different testing scenarios.

The key difference between EXPECT_* and ASSERT_* assertions lies in their behavior upon failure. While EXPECT_* assertions allow the test to continue running after a failure, ASSERT_* assertions will halt the current test function immediately upon failure. Use EXPECT_* when subsequent...

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