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  • Book Overview & Buying Enhanced Test Automation with WebdriverIO
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Enhanced Test Automation with WebdriverIO

Enhanced Test Automation with WebdriverIO

By : Paul M. Grossman, Larry C. Goddard
5 (7)
Buy this Book
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Enhanced Test Automation with WebdriverIO

Enhanced Test Automation with WebdriverIO

5 (7)
By: Paul M. Grossman, Larry C. Goddard
Buy this Book

Overview of this book

This book helps you embark on a comprehensive journey to master the art of WebdriverIO automation, from installation through to advanced framework development. You’ll start by following step-by-step instructions on installing WebdriverIO, configuring Node packages, and creating a simple test. Here you’ll gain an understanding of the mechanics while also learning to add reporting and screen captures to your test results to enhance your test case documentation. In the next set of chapters, you’ll delve into the intricacies of configuring and developing robust method wrappers, a crucial skill for supporting multiple test suites. The book goes beyond the basics, exploring testing techniques tailored for Jenkins as well as LambdaTest cloud environments. As you progress, you’ll gain a deep understanding of both TypeScript and JavaScript languages and acquire versatile coding skills. By the end of this book, you’ll have developed the expertise to construct a sophisticated test automation framework capable of executing an entire suite of tests using WebdriverIO in either TypeScript or JavaScript, as well as excel in your test automation endeavors and deliver reliable, efficient testing solutions.
Table of Contents (20 chapters)
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Preface
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Preface
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Who this book is for
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What this book covers
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To get the most out of this book
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Download the example code files
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Conventions used
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Get in touch
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Share Your Thoughts
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Download a free PDF copy of this book
1
Chapter 1: The Utility Belt – Tools Every Superhero SDET Needs
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Chapter 1: The Utility Belt – Tools Every Superhero SDET Needs
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Virgin machine setup
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Rule of thumb – the hardware resources and access rights must match the development team
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Installing Visual Studio Code for your operating system
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X-ray vision – writing better code with Prettier, ESLint, and GitLens
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Installing Chrome extensions
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Installing WebdriverIO
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Summary
Free Chapter
2
Chapter 2: Fortress of Solitude – Configuring WebdriverIO
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Chapter 2: Fortress of Solitude – Configuring WebdriverIO
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WebdriverIO setup
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Building and installing the project dependencies
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Summary
3
Chapter 3: Cybernetic Enhancements – WebdriverIO Config and Debug Tips
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Chapter 3: Cybernetic Enhancements – WebdriverIO Config and Debug Tips
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The three main files of a WebdriverIO node project
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Rule of thumb – match your developer’s hardware
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Letting Yarn help keep files up to date
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Configuring debugging with VS Code
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Dynamic configuration
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Our first custom wrapper method – global.log()
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Rules to enforce coding standards
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Summary
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Chapter 4: Super Speed – Time-Travel Paradoxes and Broken Promises
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Chapter 4: Super Speed – Time-Travel Paradoxes and Broken Promises
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Technical requirements
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The time-travel dilemma
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Schrödinger and the quantum mechanics of test automation
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Callbacks, promises, and async/await
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The death of fibers and synchronous mode
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Summary
5
Chapter 5: Alter Egos – The ClickAdv Wrapper
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Chapter 5: Alter Egos – The ClickAdv Wrapper
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Adding a helpers file
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The “Hello, World!” of test automation
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ES6 helper modules versus overriding intrinsic methods
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Who tests the SDET’s code? Sanity testing of the automation framework
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Extending our ES module helper file with a custom click method
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Why are waits difficult to implement correctly?
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Expanding the click method wrapper
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Supercharged scroll before a click event
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Expanding the click method wrapper
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The importance of metrics
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Self-healing elements
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Stubbing out methods with the “alreadyFailed” switchboard key
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Summary
6
Chapter 6: The setValue Wrapper – Entering Text and Dynamic Data Replacement
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Chapter 6: The setValue Wrapper – Entering Text and Dynamic Data Replacement
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Normalizing the element type
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Adding the setValue() method wrapper
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Is this trip really necessary?
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Coal into diamonds – replacing dynamic data tags
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Injecting versus typing text into a field
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Checking whether the field is pre-populated for speed
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Behind the mask – SetValuePassword() to keep data secure
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Putting it all together
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Summary
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Chapter 7: The Select Wrapper – Choosing Values in Lists and Comboboxes
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Chapter 7: The Select Wrapper – Choosing Values in Lists and Comboboxes
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Adding the base functionality of clickAdv() and setValueAdv() to selectAdv()
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Selecting an item from the list
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Selecting from a combobox
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Inspecting a list that closes when it loses focus with SelectorsHub
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Writing a locator that is an element inside a list
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Summary
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Chapter 8: The Assert Wrapper – the Importance of Embedded Details
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Chapter 8: The Assert Wrapper – the Importance of Embedded Details
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expect, assert, and should –how did we get here?
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Timeout – delay of game
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What are hard and soft expect assertions?
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Introduction to Allure reports
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Summary
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Chapter 9: The Ancient Spell Book – Building the Page Object Model
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Chapter 9: The Ancient Spell Book – Building the Page Object Model
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Technical requirements
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What is Page Object Model?
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What constitutes a good Page Object pattern?
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Creating a page class for the tests
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Adding object selectors
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module.exports = new HomePage();Calling methods to be used in the test
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Reducing code with common objects and methods
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POM using Klassi-js
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Summary
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Chapter 10: Increased Flexibility – Writing Robust Selectors and Reducing Maintenance
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Chapter 10: Increased Flexibility – Writing Robust Selectors and Reducing Maintenance
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Technical requirements
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Reducing page object maintenance with generic selectors
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Anatomy of an XPath selector
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Leveraging data-qa and ARIA attributes
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Writing an XPath element that contains a textual substring
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Second chances – getting valid objects from stale selectors
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Summary
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Chapter 11: Echo Location – Skipping the Page Object Model
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Chapter 11: Echo Location – Skipping the Page Object Model
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A reduced code base
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Automation in plain English
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Getting a visible button by name
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Getting a visible field by name
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Getting a visible list by name
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Getting a visible element from a collection
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Beware the endless rabbit hole!
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Summary
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Chapter 12: Superhero Landing – Setting Up Flexible Navigation Options
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Chapter 12: Superhero Landing – Setting Up Flexible Navigation Options
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Technical requirements
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Using system variables
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Adding data configuration files
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Configuring Allure reporting
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Summary
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Chapter 13: The Multiverses – Cross-Browser Testing and Cross-Environment Testing
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Chapter 13: The Multiverses – Cross-Browser Testing and Cross-Environment Testing
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Horizontal scaling – cross-browser testing
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Using built-in functionality via the wdio config file
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Using LambdaTest online to automate the browser testing grid
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Using Selenium Standalone server to locally build the testing grid
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Avoiding the rabbit hole of horizontal scaling
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Handling environment-specific logic
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The multiverse – one test, two environments
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Summary
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Chapter 14: The Time-Traveler’s Dilemma – State-Driven End to End User Journeys
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Chapter 14: The Time-Traveler’s Dilemma – State-Driven End to End User Journeys
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Technical requirements
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Divide and conquer!
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Simplifying the complexities of a dynamic journey
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The happy path
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Changing decision points
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Wash, rinse, repeat
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Why not generate these Artifacts with API calls?
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Summary
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Chapter 15: The Sentient Cape – Running Tests in a CI/CD Pipeline with Jenkins and LambdaTest
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Chapter 15: The Sentient Cape – Running Tests in a CI/CD Pipeline with Jenkins and LambdaTest
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Technical requirements
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What are Jenkins and Slack?
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Installing OpenJDK for Jenkins
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Installing Jenkins as a standalone application
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Installing Jenkins
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Creating a WebdriverIO project with Jenkins
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Installing the Jenkins plugin for LambdaTest
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Creating a freestyle project and job
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Reporting in Slack from Jenkins
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On-demand and scheduled suite runs
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Types of debugging runs with Jenkins
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CI/CD pipeline
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Summary
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Epilogue
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Epilogue
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Index
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Index
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Why subscribe?
18
Other Books You May Enjoy
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Other Books You May Enjoy
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Packt is searching for authors like you
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Share Your Thoughts
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Download a free PDF copy of this book
Appendix: The Ultimate Guide to TypeScript Error Messages, Causes, and Solutions
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Appendix: The Ultimate Guide to TypeScript Error Messages, Causes, and Solutions
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Problem: Install default WDIO settings by passing “--yes” parameter still asks configuration questions
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Problem: Missing script “wdio”
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Problem: “node : The term ‘node’ is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try again.”
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Problem: ‘wdio’ is not recognized as an internal or external command”
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Problems:
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Problem: Tests suddenly fail to run including the \specs\test.e2e.ts. sample test.
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Problem: Statements execute out of order
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Problem: “ERROR @wdio/runner: Error: describe expects a function argument; received [object AsyncFunction]”
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Problem: “Unsupported engine”
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Problem: JavaScript Debug Terminal skips breakpoints
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Problem: Browser launches and locks up
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Problem: “SevereServiceError: Couldn’t start Chromedriver: timeout. Please check if port [<PortNumber>] is in use”
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This is how to do it using macOS: lsof -i :<PortNumber> : kill -9 <PID>
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Problem: MODULE_NOT_FOUND
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Problem: Error: Could not execute “run” due to missing configuration, file “C:\repos\wdio\test\wdio.conf.ts” not found! Would you like to create one?
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Problem: “report does not exist” when running an Allure report
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Problem: “[P]lugin “allure” reporter, neither as wdio scoped package “@wdio/allure-reporter” nor as community package “wdio-allure-reporter”. Please make sure you have it installed!”
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Problem: TypeError: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading ‘open’)
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Problem: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading ‘setWindowSize’)
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Problem: A service failed in the ‘onPrepare’ hookSevereServiceError: Couldn’t start Chromedriver: timeout. Please check if port 9515 is in use!
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Problem: “Cannot find name ‘expect’. Do you need to install type definitions for a test runner?” but the test still runs.
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Problem: “An import path can only end with a ‘.ts’ extension when ‘allowImportingTsExtensions’ is enabled.ts(5097)”
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Problem: browser.debug() generates “Failed to read descriptor from node connection: A device attached to the system is not functioning.”
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Problem: Element implicitly has an ‘any’ type because type ‘typeof globalThis’ has no index signature
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Problem: Cannot find type definition file for ‘jasmine’
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Problem: “Execution of 0 workers” No tests get executed.
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Problems: Cannot find name ‘browser’ and Cannot find name ‘$’
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Problem: Property ‘toBeExisting’ does not exist on type
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Problem: ERR! [Error: EACCES: permission denied (Mac OSX)
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Problem: ERROR @wdio/selenium-standalone-service: Error: not found: java
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Problem: “ECONNREFUSED 127.0.0.1:9515” a service failed in the ‘onPrepare’ hook tcp-port-used
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Problem: Error: Cannot find module ‘C:\Program Files\nodejs\node_modules\npm\bin\npm-cli.js’
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Problem: “Note: Package.json must be actual JSON, not just JavaScript”
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Problem: Protocol error (Runtime.callFunctionOn) target closed
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Problem: “unexpected token” in tsconfig.json
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Problem: “TypeError: elem[prop] is not a function”
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Problem: “ServerServiceError in “onPrepare” Cannot find package ‘chromedriver’
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Problem: Property ‘{functionName}’ does not exist on type ‘({functionType<{argName>}) => void’
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Problem “Property ‘addCommand’ does not exist on type ‘Browser’.” (macOS)
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Problem: ConfigParser: pattern ./test/specs/**/*.ts did not match any file.
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Problem: Error: Timeout - Async function did not complete within 10000ms (set by jasmine.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_INTERVAL)
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Problem: Error: Error: Couldn’t find page handle
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Problem: This expression is not callable. Type ‘void’ has no call signatures.ts Are you missing a semicolon?
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Problem: “File is not a module”
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Problem: “Couldn’t find page handle”
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Problem: “Error: {pageName} is not defined”
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Problem: Argument of type ‘ChainablePromiseElement<Element>’ is not assignable to parameter of type ‘Element’.
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Problem: Unable to delete or modify files or folders in the WebdriverIO project
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Problem: EJSONPARSE Unexpected token in JSON while parsing Failed to parse JSON data
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Problem: A long string of gibberish garbage characters is added to the wdio.config.ts file when running in JavaScript Debug Terminal in Windows
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Yarn and Node Package Manager (npm), Node Version Manager (nvm), and Node Package Executor (npx) Shell command cheat sheet
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Reference links

Conventions used

There are a number of text conventions used throughout this book.

Code in text: Indicates code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles. Here is an example: “We have a host command and a ghost party. Writing this line of code could potentially take the host command from the ghost string.”

A block of code is set as follows:

Set JOURNEY="Attend Ghost"; yarn ch15
if (journey.includes(" host").toLowerCase()) {
// Host path being taken in error.
}

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

[0-0] ---> Clicking button[type="submit"] ...
[0-0] ---> button clicked.
[0-0] ---> pageSync() completed in 25 ms
[0-0] ---> Clicking button[type="bogus"] ...
[0-0] ---> button[type="submit"] was not clicked.
[0-0] Error: Can't call click on element with selector "button[type="bogus"]" because element wasn't found

Bold: Indicates a new term, an important word, or words that you see onscreen. For instance, words in menus or dialog boxes appear in bold. Here is an example: “In this example, the user does not attend the party and instead clicks the I’m scared button.”

Tips or important notes

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