
Python for Finance

Distance to default (DD) is defined by the following formula; here A is the market value of the total assets and is its risk. The interpretation of this measure is clear; the higher DD, the safer the firm:
In terms of Default Point, there is no theory on how to choose an ideal default point. However, we could use all short-term debts plus the half of long-term debts as our default point. After we have the values of the market value of assets and its volatility, we could use the preceding equation to estimate the Distance to Default. The A and are from the output from Equation (10). On the other hand, if the default point equals E, we would have the following formula:
According to the Black-Scholes-Merton call option model, the relationship between DD and DP (Default Probability) is given here:
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