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Python for Finance

In this chapter, first we have explained many basic concepts related to portfolio theory, such as covariance,correlation, the formulas on how to calculate variance of a 2-stock portfolio and variance of an n-stock portfolio. After that, we have discussed various risk measures for individual stocks or portfolios, such as Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio, Sortino ratio, how to minimize portfolio risk based on those measures (ratios), how to setup an objective function, how to choose an efficient portfolio for a given set of stocks, and how to construct an efficient frontier.
In the next chapter, we will discuss one of the most important theory in modern finance: options and futures. We will start from the basic concepts such as payoff functions for a call and for a put. Then we explain the related applications such as various trading strategies, corporate incentive plans, and hedging strategies including different types of options and futures.
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