Many of the concepts we have reviewed might seem blurry at the moment. Organizations are only starting to realize how outdated management practices cap their potential. Our education system is even further behind, so teamwork is rarely taught. Naturally, the number of methodologies out there can feel overwhelming.

There is no reason to feel bad about it, although there is ample reason to take action.

Organizational management is hardly easy to navigate, especially as a newcomer. But burying your head in the sand is hardly an answer. Instead, you can take self-assured steps by focusing on the needs of the people you are trying to serve, whether they are customers, employees, or other stakeholders.

It is too easy to get drawn into the narrative of one of these frameworks and invest all your time and resources in thought experiments with little impact. Instead...