Sometimes, the data arrangement schemes we have already covered are not ideal for solving certain problems. For example, when having a set of data that is frequently being searched or modified, while having to maintain a sorted nature, we could place it into an array or a sorted linked list, but the search times could be non-satisfactory. In such a case, it would probably be best to arrange the data in the form of a tree. A binary search tree, for instance, is the best way to minimize the search time when searching dynamic (changing) data. In fact, the same applies to static data as well.

But, first of all, what are trees in computing? When talking about trees, one may imagine a special type of graph (graphs will be briefly covered later in this chapter), consisting of nodes which have a parent node (except the root node, which is called, well, root node) and zero or more...