The news has been full of cyber-attacks in recent years. The number and scale of attacks are increasing at an alarming rate. It is important for anyone in network security to study these attacks. Staying current with this kind of information will help in defending your network from similar attacks.

Since 2015, the medical and insurance industries have been heavily targeted for cyber-attacks. On May 5th, 2015, Premera Blue Cross was attacked. This attack is said to have compromised at least 11 million customer accounts containing personal data. The attack exposed customer names, birth dates, social security numbers, phone numbers, bank account information, mailing, and e-mail addresses. Another attack that was on a larger scale was the attack on Anthem. It is estimated that 80 million personal data records were stolen from customers, employees, and even the Chief Executive Officer of Anthem. Another more infamous cyber-attack recently was the Sony hack. This hack was a little different from the Anthem and Blue Cross attacks, because it was carried out by hacktivists instead of cyber criminals.

Even though both types of hacking are criminal, the fundamental reasoning and objectives underlying the attacks are quite different. The objective in the Sony attack was to disrupt and embarrass the executives at Sony as well as prevent a film from being released. No financial data was targeted. Instead the hackers went after personal e-mails of top executives. The hackers then released the e-mails to the public, causing humiliation to Sony and its executives. Many apologies were issued by Sony in the following weeks of the attack.

Large commercial retailers have also been a favorite target for hackers. An attack occurred against Home Depot in September of 2014. That attack was on a large scale. It is estimated that over 56 million credit cards were compromised during the Home Depot attack. A similar attack but on a smaller scale was carried out against Staples in October 2014. During this attack, over 1.4 million credit card numbers were stolen. The statistics on cyber security attacks are eye-opening.

It is estimated by some experts that cybercrime has a worldwide cost of 110 billion dollars a year. In a given year, over 15 million Americans will have their identity stolen through cyber-attacks, it is also estimated that 1.5 million people fall victim to cybercrime every day. These statistics are rapidly increasing and will continue to do so until more people take an active interest in network security.

The baseline for preventing potential security issues typically begins with hardening the security infrastructure, including firewalls, DMZ, and physical security platforms, and entrusting only valid sources or individuals with personal data and or access to that data. That also includes being compliant with all regulations that apply to a given situation or business, and being aware of the types of breach as well as your potential vulnerabilities. Also understanding whether an individual or an organization is a higher risk target for attacks is beneficial. The question has to be asked, does one's organization promote security? This is done both at the personal and the business level to deter cyber-attacks.

After a decade of responding to incidents and helping customers recover from and increase their resilience against breaches, organizations may already have a security training and awareness (STA) program, or other training and programs. As the security and threat landscape evolves, organizations and individuals need to continually evaluate practices that are required and appropriate for the data they collect, transmit, retain, and destroy. Encryption of data at rest/in storage and in transit is a fundamental security requirement and the respective failure is frequently being cited as the cause for regulatory action and lawsuits.

Enforce effective password management policies. Least privilege user access (LUA) is a core security strategy component, and all accounts should run with as few privileges and access levels as possible. Conduct regular security design and code reviews including penetration tests and vulnerability scans to identify and mitigate vulnerabilities. Require e-mail authentication on all inbound and outbound mail servers to help detect malicious e-mails including spear phishing and spoofed e-mails. Continuously monitor in real time the security of your organization's infrastructure including collecting and analyzing all network traffic, and analyzing centralized logs (including firewall, IDS/IPS, VPN, and AV) using log management tools and reviewing network statistics. Identify anomalous activity, then investigate and revise your view of anomalous activity accordingly. User training is the biggest challenge, but it is arguably the most important defense.