What is asynchronous programming? What advantages does it provide?

Asynchronous programming is a model of programming that takes advantage of coordinating computing tasks to overlap the waiting and processing times. If successfully implemented, asynchronous programming provides both responsiveness and an improvement in speed, as compared to synchronous programming.

What are the main elements in an asynchronous program? How do they interact with each other?

There are three main components of an asynchronous program: the event loop, the coroutines, and the futures. The event loop is in charge of scheduling and managing coroutines by using its task queue; the coroutines are computing tasks that are to be executed asynchronously, and each coroutine has to specify, inside its function, exactly where it will give the execution flow back to the event loop (that is, the task...