Even though software engineering is a relatively new discipline compared to other types of engineering, a number of principles and practices have been established to create high-quality software systems.

We learned that to design orthogonal software systems that can be extended while minimizing the impact to existing functionality, we need to focus on loose coupling and high cohesion. To minimize complexity in our software applications, a number of principles can be applied, such as KISS, DRY, information hiding, YAGNI, and SoC.

The SOLID design principles, which include the SRP, OCP, LSP, ISP, and DIP, can be used to create code that is more understandable, maintainable, reusable, testable, and flexible. A number of practices, such as unit testing, pair programming, and reviewing deliverables can be used to identify defects and improve the quality of software systems...