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MongoDB Administrator???s Guide

By : Dasadia

5 (1)

MongoDB Administrator???s Guide

5 (1)

By: Dasadia

Overview of this book

MongoDB is a high-performance and feature-rich NoSQL database that forms the backbone of the systems that power many different organizations. Packed with many features that have become essential for many different types of software professional and incredibly easy to use, this cookbook contains more than 100 recipes to address the everyday challenges of working with MongoDB. Starting with database configuration, you will understand the indexing aspects of MongoDB. The book also includes practical recipes on how you can optimize your database query performance, perform diagnostics, and query debugging. You will also learn how to implement the core administration tasks required for high-availability and scalability, achieved through replica sets and sharding, respectively. You will also implement server security concepts such as authentication, user management, role-based access models, and TLS configuration. You will also learn how to back up and recover your database efficiently and monitor server performance. By the end of this book, you will have all the information you need—along with tips, tricks, and best practices—to implement a high-performance MongoDB solution.

Preface

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Sections

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Free Chapter

Installation and Configuration

Installation and Configuration

Introduction

Installing and starting MongoDB on Linux

Installing and starting MongoDB on macOS

Binding MongoDB process to a specific network interface and port

Enabling SSL for MongodDB

Choosing the right MongoDB storage engine

Changing storage engine

Separating directories per database

Customizing the MongoDB configuration file

Running MongoDB as a Docker container

Understanding and Managing Indexes

Understanding and Managing Indexes

Introduction

Creating an index

Managing existing indexes

How to use compound indexes

Creating background indexes

Creating TTL-based indexes

Creating a sparse index

Creating a partial index

Creating a unique index

Performance Tuning

Performance Tuning

Introduction

Configuring disks for better I/O

Measuring disk I/O performance with mongoperf

Finding slow running queries and operations

Storage considerations when using Amazon EC2

Figuring out the size of a working set

High Availability with Replication

High Availability with Replication

Introduction

Initializing a new replica set

Adding a node to the replica set

Removing a node from the replica set

Working with an arbiter

Switching between primary and secondary nodes

Changing replica set configuration

Changing priority to replica set nodes

High Scalability with Sharding

High Scalability with Sharding

Understanding sharding and its components

Setting up and configuring a sharded cluster

Managing chunks

Moving non-sharded collection data from one shard to another

Removing a shard from the cluster

Understanding tag aware sharding – zones

Managing MongoDB Backups

Managing MongoDB Backups

Introduction

Taking backup using mongodump tool

Taking backup of a specific mongodb database or collection

Taking backup of a small subset of documents in a collection

Using bsondump tool to view mongodump output in human readable form

Creating a point in time backup of replica sets

Using the mongoexport tool

Creating a backup of a sharded cluster

Restoring MongoDB from Backups

Restoring MongoDB from Backups

Introduction

Restoring standalone MongoDB using the mongorestore tool

Restoring specific database or specific collection

Restoring data from one collection or database to another

Creating a new MongoDB replica set node using backups

Restoring a MongoDB sharded cluster from backup

Monitoring MongoDB

Monitoring MongoDB

Introduction

Monitoring MongoDB performance with mongostat

Checking replication lag of nodes in a replica set

Monitoring and killing long running operations on MongoDB

Checking disk I/O usage

Collecting MongoDB metrics using Diamond and Graphite

Authentication and Security in MongoDB

Authentication and Security in MongoDB

Introduction

Setting up authentication in MongoDB and creating a superuser account

Creating normal users and assigning built-in roles

Creating and assigning custom roles

Restoring access if you are locked out

Using key files to authenticate servers in a replica set

Deploying MongoDB in Production

Deploying MongoDB in Production

Introduction

Configuring MongoDB for a production deployment

Upgrading production MongoDB to a newer version

Setting up and configuring TLS (SSL)

Restricting network access using firewalls

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Installing and starting MongoDB on macOS

Similar to the previous recipe, Installing and starting MongoDB on Linux, we will see how to set up MongoDB on a macOS operating system.

Getting ready

MongoDB supports macOS 10.7 (Lion) or higher, so ensure that your operating system is upgraded. Download the binary files the latest stable binary tarball from https://www.mongodb.com/download-center.

How to do it...

In this recipe, we will be installing MongoDB in the user's home directory. Create a directory ~/data/ and extract the TAR file in this directory:

tar xvf mongodb-osx-x86_64-3.4.4.tgz

All of MongoDB's core binaries are available in the ~/data/mongodb-osx-x86_64-3.4.4/bin directory.

Create a symbolic link to the versioned file directory for simpler naming conventions and also allowing us to use a generic directory name (for example, in scripts):

cd ~/data/
ln -s mongodb-osx-x86_64-3.4.4 mongodb

Create a directory for the database:

mkdir ~/data/db

Start the MongoDB server:

~/data/mongodb/bin/mongod --dbpath ~/data/db

You should see output like this:

2017-05-21T15:21:20.662+0530 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=960 port=27017 dbpath=/Users/cyrus.dasadia/data/db 64-bit host=foo
 2017-05-21T15:21:20.662+0530 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] db version v3.4.4
 2017-05-21T15:21:20.662+0530 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] git version: 888390515874a9debd1b6c5d36559ca86b44babd
 2017-05-21T15:21:20.662+0530 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] allocator: system
 2017-05-21T15:21:20.662+0530 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] modules: none
 2017-05-21T15:21:20.662+0530 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] build environment:
 2017-05-21T15:21:20.662+0530 I CONTROL  [initandlisten]     distarch: x86_64
 2017-05-21T15:21:20.662+0530 I CONTROL  [initandlisten]     target_arch: x86_64
 2017-05-21T15:21:20.662+0530 I CONTROL  [initandlisten] options: { storage: { dbPath: "/Users/cyrus.dasadia/data/db" } }
 <<--- snip -- >>
 2017-05-21T15:21:21.492+0530 I NETWORK  [thread1] waiting for connections on port 27017

You can press Ctrl + C to stop the server.

Additionally, for convenience, we can edit the system's PATH variable to include the MongoDB binaries directory. This allows us invoke the MongoDB binaries without having to type the entire path. For example, to execute the mongo client, instead of having to type ~/mongodb/bin/mongo every time we can simply type mongo. This can be done by appending your ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc files for bash and zsh respectively, with the following lines:

PATH=~/data/mongodb/bin:${PATH}
export PATH

How it works…

Similar to our first recipe, we downloaded a precompiled binary package and started the MongoDB server using the most basic command line parameter --dbpath such that it uses a customized directory ~/data/db for storing databases. As you might have noticed, MongoDB server by default, starts listening on TCP 27017 on all interfaces. We also saw how to add the MongoDB binary directory's path to our system's PATH variable for a more convenient way to access the MongoDB binaries.

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