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Oracle Database 12c Security Cookbook

By : Maja Veselica & Zoran Pavlovic, Pavlovic, Veselica

4.7 (3)

Oracle Database 12c Security Cookbook

4.7 (3)

By: Maja Veselica & Zoran Pavlovic, Pavlovic, Veselica

Overview of this book

Businesses around the world are paying much greater attention toward database security than they ever have before. Not only does the current regulatory environment require tight security, particularly when dealing with sensitive and personal data, data is also arguably a company’s most valuable asset - why wouldn’t you want to protect it in a secure and reliable database? Oracle Database lets you do exactly that. It’s why it is one of the world’s leading databases – with a rich portfolio of features to protect data from contemporary vulnerabilities, it’s the go-to database for many organizations. Oracle Database 12c Security Cookbook helps DBAs, developers, and architects to better understand database security challenges. Let it guide you through the process of implementing appropriate security mechanisms, helping you to ensure you are taking proactive steps to keep your data safe. Featuring solutions for common security problems in the new Oracle Database 12c, with this book you can be confident about securing your database from a range of different threats and problems.

Preface

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Sections

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Free Chapter

1. Basic Database Security

1. Basic Database Security

Introduction

Creating a password profile

Creating password-authenticated users

Changing a user's password

Creating a user with the same credentials on another database

Locking a user account

Expiring a user's password

Creating and using OS-authenticated users

Creating and using proxy users

Creating and using database roles

The sysbackup privilege – how, when, and why should you use it?

The syskm privilege – how, when, and why should you use it?

The sysdg privilege – how, when, and why should you use it?

2. Security Considerations in Multitenant Environment

2. Security Considerations in Multitenant Environment

Introduction

Creating a common user

Creating a local user

Creating a common role

Creating a local role

Granting privileges and roles commonly

Granting privileges and roles locally

Effects of plugging/unplugging operations on users, roles, and privileges

3. PL/SQL Security

3. PL/SQL Security

Introduction

Creating and using definer's rights procedures

Creating and using invoker's right procedures

Using code-based access control

Restricting access to program units by using accessible by

4. Virtual Private Database

4. Virtual Private Database

Introduction

Creating different policy functions

Creating Oracle Virtual Private Database row-level policies

Creating column-level policies

Creating a driving context

Creating policy groups

Setting context as a driving context

Adding policy to a group

Exempting users from VPD policies

5. Data Redaction

5. Data Redaction

Introduction

Creating a redaction policy when using full redaction

Creating a redaction policy when using partial redaction

Creating a redaction policy when using random redaction

Creating a redaction policy when using regular expression redaction

Using Oracle Enterprise Manager Cloud Control 12c to manage redaction policies

Changing the function parameters for a specified column

Add a column to the redaction policy

Enabling, disabling, and dropping redaction policy

Exempting users from data redaction policies

6. Transparent Sensitive Data Protection

6. Transparent Sensitive Data Protection

Introduction

Creating a sensitive type

Determining sensitive columns

Creating transparent sensitive data protection policy

Associating transparent sensitive data protection policy with sensitive type

Enabling, disabling, and dropping policy

Altering transparent sensitive data protection policy

7. Privilege Analysis

7. Privilege Analysis

Introduction

Creating database analysis policy

Creating role analysis policy

Creating context analysis policy

Creating combined analysis policy

Starting and stopping privilege analysis

Reporting on used system privileges

Reporting on used object privileges

Reporting on unused system privileges

Reporting on unused object privileges

How to revoke unused privileges

Dropping the analysis

8. Transparent Data Encryption

8. Transparent Data Encryption

Introduction

Configuring keystore location in sqlnet.ora

Creating and opening the keystore

Setting master encryption key in software keystore

Column encryption - adding new encrypted column to table

Column encryption - creating new table that has encrypted column(s)

Using salt and MAC

Column encryption - encrypting existing column

Auto-login keystore

Encrypting tablespace

Rekeying

Backup and Recovery

9. Database Vault

9. Database Vault

Introduction

Registering Database Vault

Preventing users from exercising system privileges on schema objects

Securing roles

Preventing users from executing specific command on specific object

Creating a rule set

Creating a secure application role

Using Database Vault to implement that administrators cannot view data

Running Oracle Database Vault reports

Disabling Database Vault

Re-enabling Database Vault

10. Unified Auditing

10. Unified Auditing

Introduction

Enabling Unified Auditing mode

Configuring whether loss of audit data is acceptable

Which roles do you need to have to be able to create audit policies and to view audit data?

Auditing RMAN operations

Auditing Data Pump operations

Auditing Database Vault operations

Creating audit policies to audit privileges, actions and roles under specified conditions

Enabling audit policy

Finding information about audit policies and audited data

Auditing application contexts

Purging audit trail

Disabling and dropping audit policies

11. Additional Topics

11. Additional Topics

Introduction

Exporting data using Oracle Data Pump in Oracle Database Vault environment

Creating factors in Oracle Database Vault

Using TDE in a multitenant environment

12. Appendix – Application Contexts

12. Appendix – Application Contexts

Introduction

Exploring and using built-in contexts

Creating an application context

Setting application context attributes

Using an application context

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Locking a user account

In this recipe, you'll learn to lock and unlock user accounts.

Getting ready

To complete this recipe, you'll need an existing (for example, OS-authenticated) user who has alter user privilege (you may use user who has a DBA role) and another existing user (for example, mike).

How to do it...

Connect to the database as a user who has alter user privilege:
```
$ sqlplus /
```
Lock the account of user mike:
```
SQL> alter user mike account lock;
```
Unlock the account of user mike:
```
SQL> alter user mike account unlock;
```

How it works...

In step 1, you used OS authentication to connect to the database.

In step 2, you locked the account of user mike. This means that user mike cannot connect to the database:

    SQL> alter user mike account lock;

    User altered

    SQL> connect mike/welcome1

    ERROR: ORA-28000: the account is locked

However, objects in mike's schema are available, so users can access them (considering that they have necessary privileges):

    SQL> select a, b from mike.table1;
      A         B 
     ---------- --------- 
             1         3 
             2         4 
             4         9

Tip

It is recommended that you lock the accounts of users that own your application objects (application schemas).

In step 3, you unlocked the account of user mike. Now user mike can successfully connect to the database:

    SQL> alter user mike account unlock;

    User altered.

    SQL> conn mike/welcome1

    Connected.

See also

Creating and using OS-authenticated users

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