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Puppet 5 Cookbook

By : Thomas Uphill

3.7 (3)

Puppet 5 Cookbook

3.7 (3)

By: Thomas Uphill

Overview of this book

Puppet is a configuration management system that automates all your IT configurations, giving you control of managing each node. Puppet 5 Cookbook will take you through Puppet's latest and most advanced features, including Docker containers, Hiera, and AWS Cloud Orchestration. Updated with the latest advancements and best practices, this book delves into various aspects of writing good Puppet code, which includes using Puppet community style, checking your manifests with puppet-lint, and learning community best practices with an emphasis on real-world implementation. You will learn to set up, install, and create your first manifests with version control, and also learn about various sysadmin tasks, including managing configuration files, using Augeas, and generating files from snippets and templates. As the book progresses, you'll explore virtual resources and use Puppet's resource scheduling and auditing features. In the concluding chapters, you'll walk through managing applications and writing your own resource types, providers, and external node classifiers. By the end of this book, you will have learned to report, log, and debug your system.

Preface

Preface

Who this book is for

What this book covers

To get the most out of this book

Sections

Get in touch

Free Chapter

Puppet Language and Style

Puppet Language and Style

Introduction

Adding a resource to a node

Using facter to describe a node

Using puppet facts

Installing a package before starting a service

Installing, configuring, and starting a service

Using community Puppet style

Installing Puppet

Creating a manifest

Checking your manifests with puppet-lint

Making modules

Using standard naming conventions

Using inline templates

Iterating over multiple items

Writing powerful conditional statements

Using regular expressions in if statements

Using selectors and case statements

Using the in operator

Using regular expression substitutions

Puppet 5 changes

Puppet 4/5 changes

Puppet Infrastructure

Puppet Infrastructure

Introduction

Managing your manifests with Git

Creating a decentralized Puppet architecture

Writing a papply script

Running Puppet from cron

Bootstrapping Puppet with bash

Creating a centralized Puppet infrastructure

Creating certificates with multiple DNS names

Setting up the environment

Configuring PuppetDB

Configuring Hiera

Environment-specific Hiera

Setting node-specific data with Hiera

Writing a custom Hiera5 function

Storing secret data with hiera-eyaml

Automatic syntax-checking with Git hooks

Pushing code around with Git

Managing environments with Git

Writing Better Manifests

Writing Better Manifests

Introduction

Using arrays of resources

Using resource defaults

Using defined types

Using tags

Using run stages

Using roles and profiles

Using data types in Puppet

Passing parameters to classes

Passing parameters from Hiera

Writing reusable, cross-platform manifests

Getting information about the environment

Importing dynamic information

Passing arguments to shell commands

Working with Files and Packages

Working with Files and Packages

Introduction

Making quick edits to config files

Editing INI-style files with puppetlabs-inifile

Using Augeas to reliably edit config files

Building config files using snippets

Using ERB templates

Using array iterations in templates

Using EPP templates

Using GnuPG to encrypt secrets

Comparing package versions

Users and Virtual Resources

Users and Virtual Resources

Introduction

Using virtual resources

Managing users with virtual resources

Managing users' SSH access

Managing users' customization files

Using exported resources

Managing Resources and Files

Managing Resources and Files

Introduction

Distributing cron jobs efficiently

Scheduling when resources are to be applied

Using host resources

Using exported host resources

Using multiple file sources

Distributing and merging directory trees

Cleaning up old files

Auditing resources

Temporarily disabling resources

Managing Applications

Managing Applications

Introduction

Using public modules

Managing Apache servers

Creating Apache virtual hosts

Creating NGINX virtual hosts

Managing MariaDB

Creating databases and users

Servers and Cloud Infrastructure

Servers and Cloud Infrastructure

Introduction

Managing firewalls with iptables

Building high-availability services using Keepalived

Managing NFS servers and file shares

Using HAProxy to load balance multiple web servers

Managing EC2 instances

Managing virtual machines with Vagrant

Managing Docker with Puppet

External Tools and the Puppet Ecosystem

External Tools and the Puppet Ecosystem

Introduction

Creating custom facts

Adding external facts

Setting facts as environment variables

Generating manifests with the Puppet resource command

Generating manifests with other tools

Using PDK

Using an external node classifier

Creating your own resource types

Creating your own providers

Creating custom functions

Testing your puppet manifests with rspec-puppet

Monitoring, Reporting, and Troubleshooting

Monitoring, Reporting, and Troubleshooting

Introduction

Noop—the don't-change-anything option

Logging the command output

Logging debug messages

Generating reports

Producing automatic HTML documentation

Drawing dependency graphs

Understanding Puppet errors

Inspecting configuration settings

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Adding a resource to a node

This recipe will introduce the language and show you the basics of writing Puppet code. Puppet code files are called manifests; manifests declare resources. A resource in Puppet may be a type, class, or node. A type is something like a file or package or anything that has a type declared in the language. The current list of standard types is available on the puppetlabs website at https://puppet.com/docs/puppet/latest/type.html. I find myself referencing this site very often. You may define your own types, either using a mechanism, similar to a subroutine, named defined types, extending the language using a custom type. Types are the heart of the language; they describe the things that make up a node (node is the word Puppet uses for client computers/devices). Puppet uses resources to describe the state of a node; for example, we will declare the following package resource for a node using a site manifest: site.pp.

How to do it...

Create a site.pp file and place the following code in it:

node default {
  package { 'httpd':
    ensure => 'installed'
  }
 }

How it works...

This manifest will ensure that any node on which this manifest is applied will install a package called httpd. The default keyword is a wildcard to Puppet; it applies anything within the node default definition to any node. When Puppet applies the manifest to a node, it uses a Resource Abstraction Layer (RAL) to translate the package type into the package management system of the target node. What this means is that we can use the same manifest to install the httpd package on any system where Puppet has a Provider for the package type. Providers are the pieces of code that do the real work of applying a manifest. When the previous code is applied to a node running on a YUM-based distribution, the YUM provider will be used to install the httpd RPM packages. When the same code is applied to a node running on an APT-based distribution, the APT provider will be used to install the httpd DEB package (which may not exist, as most Debian-based systems call this package apache2; we'll deal with this sort of naming problem later).

See also...

Puppet 3: Beginner's Guide, John Arundel, Packt Publishing, in addition to this section

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