Cost optimization is a continuous effort from application inception (from proof-of-concept to implementation and post-production). You need to continuously review architectures and cost-saving efforts.

In this chapter, you learned about design principles to optimize costs. Before making any purchase decision, you should consider the total cost of ownership for the entire life cycle of software or hardware. Planning a budget and keeping track of forecasts help you to stay on the cost optimization path. Always keep track of your expenditures and look for possible opportunities for cost optimization without affecting user experience or business value.

You learned about the various techniques for cost optimization, which include reducing architectural complexity by simplifying enterprise architecture and setting a standard that everyone can follow. We recommended avoiding duplication by identifying idle and repeated resources, and take consolidation effort to negotiate the cost of...