Chapter 1, Evolution of Java Virtual Machine, walks through the evolution of JVM and how it optimized the interpreter and compiler. It will walk through C1 and C2 compilers, and the kind of code optimizations that JVM performs to run Java programs faster.

Chapter 2, JIT, HotSpot, and GraalJIT, takes a deep dive into how JIT compilers and Java HotSpot work and how JVM optimizes code at runtime.

Chapter 3, GraalVM Architecture, provides an architecture overview of Graal and the various architecture components. The chapter goes into details on how GraalVM works and how it provides a single VM for multiple language implementations. This chapter also covers the optimizations GraalVM brings on top of standard JVM.

Chapter 4, Graal Just-In-Time Compiler, talks about the JIT compilation option of GraalVM. It goes through the various optimizations the Graal JIT compiler performs in detail. This is followed by a hands-on tutorial to use various compiler options to optimize the execution.

Chapter 5, Graal Ahead-of-Time Compiler and Native Image, is a hands-on tutorial that walks through how to build native images and optimize and run these images with profile-guided optimization techniques.

Chapter 6, Truffle for Multi-language (Polyglot) support, introduces the Truffle polyglot interoperability capabilities and high-level framework components. It also covers how data can be transferred between applications that are written in different languages that are running on GraalVM.

Chapter 7, GraalVM Polyglot – JavaScript and Node.js, introduces the JavaScript and NodeJs. This is followed by a tutorial on how to use the Polyglot API for interoperability to interoperate between an example JavaScript and NodeJS application and a Python application.

Chapter 8, GraalVM Polyglot – Java on Truffle, Python, and R, introduces Python, R, and Java on Truffle (Espresso). This is followed by a tutorial on how to use the Polyglot API for interoperability between various languages.

Chapter 9, GraalVM Polyglot – LLVM, Ruby, and WASM, introduces JavaScript and Node.js. This is followed by a tutorial on how to use the Polyglot API to interoperate between an example JavaScript/Node.js applications.

Chapter 10, Microservices Architecture with GraalVM, covers the modern microservices architecture and how new frameworks such as Quarkus and Micronaut implement Graal for the most optimum microservices architecture.