A generic type is a class, structure, or enumeration that can work with any type, just like how Swift arrays and optionals can work with any type. When we create an instance of our generic type, we specify the type that the instance will work with. Once a type is defined, the type cannot be changed for that instance.

To demonstrate how to create a generic type, let's create a simple List class. This class will use a Swift array as the backend storage and will let us add items or retrieve values from the list.

Let's begin by seeing how to define our generic List type:

struct List<T> { 
}  

The preceding code defines the generic List type. We can see that we use the <T> tag to define a generic placeholder, just like we did when we defined a generic function. This T placeholder can then be used anywhere within the type instead of a concrete type...