Getting started with Mockito for JUnit

In order to add JUnit to your classpath, if you are using a dependency manager that connects to the Maven Central Repository, then you can get your dependencies as follows (examples for Maven and Gradle):

To add JUnit in Maven, use the following code:

<dependency>
  <groupId>junit</groupId>
  <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
  <version>4.11</version>
  <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

To add JUnit in Gradle, use the following code:

testCompile('junit:junit:4.11')

If you are not using any of the dependency managers, you have to download the following jars:

Add the downloaded files to your classpath manually (you can download the jars from https://github.com/junit-team/junit/wiki/Download-and-Install).

For this recipe, our system under test will be a MeanTaxFactorCalculator class that will call an external service, TaxService, to get the current tax factor for the current user. It's a tax factor and not tax as such, since for simplicity, we will not be using BigDecimals but doubles, and I'd never suggest using doubles to anything related to money, as follows:

public class MeanTaxFactorCalculator {

    private final TaxService taxService;

    public MeanTaxFactorCalculator(TaxService taxService) {
        this.taxService = taxService;
    }

    public double calculateMeanTaxFactorFor(Person person) {
        double currentTaxFactor = taxService.getCurrentTaxFactorFor(person);
        double anotherTaxFactor = taxService.getCurrentTaxFactorFor(person);
        return (currentTaxFactor + anotherTaxFactor) / 2;
    }

}

To use Mockito's annotations, you have to perform the following steps:

The following snippet shows the JUnit and Mockito integration in a test class that verifies the SUT's behavior (remember that I'm using BDDMockito.given(...) and AssertJ's BDDAssertions.then(...) static methods; refer to Chapter 7, Verifying Behavior with Object Matchers, for how to work with AssertJ or how to do the same with Hamcrest's assertThat(...) method):

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class MeanTaxFactorCalculatorTest {

    static final double TAX_FACTOR = 10;

    @Mock TaxService taxService;

    @InjectMocks MeanTaxFactorCalculator systemUnderTest;

    @Test
    public void should_calculate_mean_tax_factor() {
        // given
        given(taxService.getCurrentTaxFactorFor(any(Person.class))).willReturn(TAX_FACTOR);

        // when
        double meanTaxFactor = systemUnderTest.calculateMeanTaxFactorFor(new Person());

        // then
        then(meanTaxFactor).isEqualTo(TAX_FACTOR);
    }

}

The Mockito test runner will adapt its strategy depending on the version of JUnit. If there exists a org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner class, it means that the codebase is using at least JUnit in Version 4.5.What eventually happens is that the MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(...) method is executed for the given test, which initializes all the Mockito annotations (for more information, check the subsequent There's more… section).

You may have a situation where your test class has already been annotated with a @RunWith annotation and, seemingly, you may not profit from Mockito's annotations. In order to achieve this, you have to call the MockitoAnnotations.initMocks method manually in the @Before annotated method of your test, as shown in the following code:

public class MeanTaxFactorCalculatorTest {

    static final double TAX_FACTOR = 10;

    @Mock TaxService taxService;

    @InjectMocks MeanTaxFactorCalculator systemUnderTest;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }

    @Test
    public void should_calculate_mean_tax_factor() {
        // given
        given(taxService.getCurrentTaxFactorFor(Mockito.any(Person.class))).willReturn(TAX_FACTOR);

        // when
        double meanTaxFactor = systemUnderTest.calculateMeanTaxFactorFor(new Person());

        // then
        then(meanTaxFactor).isEqualTo(TAX_FACTOR);
    }

}

Mockito checks whether the user has overridden the global configuration of AnnotationEngine and, if this is not the case, the InjectingAnnotationEngine implementation is used to process annotations in tests. What is done internally is that the test class fields are scanned for annotations and proper test doubles are initialized and injected into the @InjectMocks annotated object (either by a constructor, property setter, or field injection, in that precise order).