The obvious first step in understanding POS-tagging is to expand the acronym – Part-Of-Speech tagging. Now, that makes things a lot easier now, doesn't it? As the name suggests, it is the process of tagging words in a textual input with their appropriate part of speech. We've already discussed this before briefly, particularly when dealing with spaCy and its language models. So, while we know that POS-tagging refers to the action of tagging words with their POS, we haven't talked very much about what exactly a part of speech in natural language (and in particular, English) is, and why it might be relevant to us in the realm of text analysis.
Traditionally, a part of speech is a category of words which have similar grammatical properties or usage. We will be focusing our efforts on the English language (as we have been and will continue...