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  • Book Overview & Buying PostgreSQL Replication, Second Edition
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PostgreSQL Replication, Second Edition

PostgreSQL Replication, Second Edition

By : Hans-Jürgen Schönig
4.5 (4)
Buy this Book
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PostgreSQL Replication, Second Edition

PostgreSQL Replication, Second Edition

4.5 (4)
By: Hans-Jürgen Schönig
Buy this Book

Overview of this book

This book is ideal for PostgreSQL administrators who want to set up and understand replication. By the end of the book, you will be able to make your databases more robust and secure by getting to grips with PostgreSQL replication.
Table of Contents (17 chapters)
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Preface
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Preface
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What this book covers
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What you need for this book
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Who this book is for
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Conventions
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Reader feedback
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Customer support
Free Chapter
1
1. Understanding the Concepts of Replication
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1. Understanding the Concepts of Replication
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The CAP theorem and physical limitations of replication
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Different types of replication
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Using sharding and data distribution
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Summary
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2. Understanding the PostgreSQL Transaction Log
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2. Understanding the PostgreSQL Transaction Log
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How PostgreSQL writes data
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The XLOG and replication
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Understanding consistency and data loss
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Tuning checkpoints and the XLOG
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Experiencing the XLOG in action
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Making use of replication slots
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Summary
3
3. Understanding Point-in-time Recovery
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3. Understanding Point-in-time Recovery
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Understanding the purpose of PITR
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Archiving the transaction log
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Taking base backups
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Replaying the transaction log
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Summary
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4. Setting Up Asynchronous Replication
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4. Setting Up Asynchronous Replication
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Setting up streaming replication
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Configuring a cascaded replication
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Turning slaves into masters
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Mixing streaming-based and file-based recovery
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Making streaming-only replication more robust
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Efficient cleanup and the end of recovery
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Conflict management
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Dealing with timelines
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Delayed replicas
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Summary
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5. Setting Up Synchronous Replication
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5. Setting Up Synchronous Replication
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Synchronous replication setup
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Understanding the practical implications and performance
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Redundancy and stopping replication
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Summary
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6. Monitoring Your Setup
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6. Monitoring Your Setup
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Checking your archive
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Checking pg_stat_replication
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Checking for operating system processes
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Checking for replication slots
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Dealing with monitoring tools
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Summary
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7. Understanding Linux High Availability
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7. Understanding Linux High Availability
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Understanding the purpose of High Availability
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Measuring availability
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Durability and availability
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Detecting failures
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The split-brain syndrome
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Understanding Linux-HA
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Setting up a simple HA cluster
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Common maintenance tasks
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Summary
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8. Working with PgBouncer
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8. Working with PgBouncer
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Understanding the fundamental PgBouncer concepts
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Installing PgBouncer
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Configuring your first PgBouncer setup
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Improving performance
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Maintaining PgBouncer
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Summary
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9. Working with pgpool
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9. Working with pgpool
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Installing pgpool
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Understanding the features of pgpool
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Understanding the pgpool architecture
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Setting up replication and load balancing
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Checking the replication
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Running pgpool with streaming replication
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Dealing with failovers and High Availability
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Summary
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10. Configuring Slony
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10. Configuring Slony
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Installing Slony
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Understanding how Slony works
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Replicating your first database
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Deploying DDLs
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Adding tables to replication and managing problems
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Performing failovers
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Summary
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11. Using SkyTools
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11. Using SkyTools
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Installing SkyTools
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Dissecting SkyTools
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Managing pgq queues
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Using Londiste to replicate data
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A word about walmgr
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Summary
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12. Working with Postgres-XC
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12. Working with Postgres-XC
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Understanding the Postgres-XC architecture
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Installing Postgres-XC
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Configuring a simple cluster
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Optimizing for performance
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Creating tables and issuing queries
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Adding nodes
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Handling failovers and dropping nodes
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Summary
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13. Scaling with PL/Proxy
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13. Scaling with PL/Proxy
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Understanding the basic concepts
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Setting up PL/Proxy
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Extending and handling clusters in a clever way
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Summary
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14. Scaling with BDR
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14. Scaling with BDR
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Understanding BDR replication concepts
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Installing BDR
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Setting up a simple cluster
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Understanding sets
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Controlling replication
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Summary
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15. Working with Walbouncer
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15. Working with Walbouncer
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The concepts of walbouncer
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Installing walbouncer
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Using additional configuration options
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Adjusting filtering rules
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Summary
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Index
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Index

Tuning checkpoints and the XLOG

So far, this chapter has hopefully provided some insights into how PostgreSQL writes data and what the XLOG is used for in general. Given this knowledge, we can now move on and see what we can do to make our databases work even more efficiently, both in the case of replication and in the case of running just a single server.

Understanding the checkpoints

In this chapter, we have seen that data has to be written to the XLOG before it can go anywhere. The thing is that if the XLOG was never deleted, clearly, we would not write to it forever without filling up the disk at some point in time.

To solve this problem, the XLOG has to be deleted at some point. This process is called checkpointing.

The main question arising from this issue is, "When can the XLOG be truncated up to a certain point?" The answer is, "When PostgreSQL has put everything that is already in the XLOG into the storage files." If all the changes made to the XLOG are also made...

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