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  • Mastering PHP 7
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Mastering PHP 7

Mastering PHP 7

By : Branko Ajzele
4.7 (7)
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Mastering PHP 7

Mastering PHP 7

4.7 (7)
By: Branko Ajzele

Overview of this book

PHP is a server-side scripting language that is widely used for web development. With this book, you will get a deep understanding of the advanced programming concepts in PHP and how to apply it practically The book starts by unveiling the new features of PHP 7 and walks you through several important standards set by PHP Framework Interop Group (PHP-FIG). You’ll see, in detail, the working of all magic methods, and the importance of effective PHP OOP concepts, which will enable you to write effective PHP code. You will find out how to implement design patterns and resolve dependencies to make your code base more elegant and readable. You will also build web services alongside microservices architecture, interact with databases, and work around third-party packages to enrich applications. This book delves into the details of PHP performance optimization. You will learn about serverless architecture and the reactive programming paradigm that found its way in the PHP ecosystem. The book also explores the best ways of testing your code, debugging, tracing, profiling, and deploying your PHP application. By the end of the book, you will be able to create readable, reliable, and robust applications in PHP to meet modern day requirements in the software industry.
Table of Contents (18 chapters)
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Preface
Preface
What this book covers
What you need for this book
Who this book is for
Conventions
Reader feedback
Customer support
Free Chapter
1
The All New PHP
The All New PHP
Scalar type hints
Return type hints
Anonymous classes
Generator delegation
Generator return expressions
The null coalesce operator
The spaceship operator
Constant arrays
Uniform variable syntax
Throwables
Group use declarations
Catching multiple exceptions types
Class constant visibility modifiers
Iterable pseudo-type
Nullable types
Void return types
Summary
2
Embracing Standards
Embracing Standards
PSR-1 - basic coding standard
PSR-2 - coding style guide
PSR-3 - logger interface
PSR-4 - autoloading standard
PSR-6 - caching interface
PSR-7 - HTTP message interface
PSR-13 - hypermedia links
Summary
3
Error Handling and Logging
Error Handling and Logging
Error handling
Logging
Summary
4
Magic Behind Magic Methods
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Magic Behind Magic Methods
Using __construct()
Using __destruct()
Using __call()
Using __callStatic()
Using __set()
Using __get()
Using __isset()
Using __unset()
Using __sleep()
Using __wakeup()
Using __toString()
Using __invoke()
Using __set_state()
Using __clone()
Using __debugInfo()
Usage statistics across popular platforms
Summary
5
The Realm of CLI
The Realm of CLI
Understanding PHP CLI
The Console component
Input/output streams
Process control
Summary
6
Prominent OOP Features
Prominent OOP Features
Object inheritance
Objects and references
Object iteration
Object comparison
Traits
Reflection
Summary
7
Optimizing for High Performance
Optimizing for High Performance
Max execution time
Memory management
File uploads
Session handling
Output buffering
Disabling debug messages
Zend OPcache
Concurrency
Summary
8
Going Serverless
Going Serverless
Using the serverless framework
Using Iron.io IronWorker
Summary
9
Reactive Programming
Reactive Programming
Similarities with event-driven programming
Using RxPHP
Non-blocking IO
Using React
Summary
10
Common Design Patterns
Common Design Patterns
Base patterns
Creational patterns
Behavioral patterns
Structural patterns
Summary
11
Building Services
Building Services
Understanding the client-server relationship
Working with SOAP
Working with REST
Working with Apache Thrift (RPC)
Understanding microservices
Summary
12
Working with Databases
Working with Databases
Working with MySQL
Working with MongoDB
Working with Redis
Summary
13
Resolving Dependencies
Resolving Dependencies
Mitigating the common problem
Understanding dependency injection
Understanding dependency injection container
Summary
14
Working with Packages
Working with Packages
Understanding Composer
Understanding Packagist
Using third-party packages
Creating your own package
Distributing your package
Summary
15
Testing the Important Bits
Testing the Important Bits
PHPUnit
Behat
phpspec
jMeter
Summary
16
Debugging, Tracing, and Profiling
Debugging, Tracing, and Profiling
Xdebug
Zend Z-Ray
Summary
17
Hosting, Provisioning, and Deployment
Hosting, Provisioning, and Deployment
Choosing the right hosting plan
Automating provisioning
Automating the deployment
Continuous integration
Summary

Using __clone()

The __clone() magic method is triggered on newly cloned objects, where cloning is done using the clone keyword. The method does not accept any parameters nor does it return any values, as per the following synopsis:

void __clone(void)

When it comes to object cloning, we tend to differentiate deep copy and shallow copy. Deep copy copies everything--all of the objects an object might point to. Shallow copy copies as little as possible, leaving the object references as references where possible. While shallow copy might come in handy as a protection against circular references, replicating all properties whether they are references or values is not always the desired behavior.

The following example demonstrates the implementation of the __clone() method and the use of the clone keyword:

<?php

class User
{
  public $identifier;

  public function __clone()
  {
    $this->identifier = null;
  }
}

$user = new User();
$user->identifier = 'john';

$user2 = clone $user;

var_dump...
End of Chapter 4
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