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Functional Programming with C#

Functional Programming with C#

By : Alex Yagur
Buy this Book
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Functional Programming with C#

Functional Programming with C#

By: Alex Yagur
Buy this Book

Overview of this book

In an era where software complexity is increasing by the day, functional programming offers a paradigm that simplifies code maintenance and enhances reliability. Functional Programming with C# takes you on an exhaustive journey into functional programming within C#. The book familiarizes you with the core principles and benefits of functional programming, juxtaposing it with imperative and object-oriented paradigms. You’ll get to grips with the functional features of C# and learn to write expressive, modular code through expressions, pure functions, and higher-order functions. As you advance, you’ll explore advanced concepts such as error handling and asynchronous programming, which will equip you with the practical skills that you need to tackle real-world challenges. By comparing functional programming in C# with other languages and providing additional resources, this book ensures that you’re well-equipped to continue your journey toward mastery in functional programming. By the end of this book, you’ll have gained a thorough understanding of functional programming techniques, such as recursion, memoization, and composition, empowering you to write robust, maintainable code.
Table of Contents (18 chapters)
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Preface
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Preface
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Who this book is for
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What this book covers
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To get the most out of this book
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Conventions used
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Get in touch
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Share Your Thoughts
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Download a free PDF copy of this book
Free Chapter
1
Part 1:Foundations of Functional Programming in C#
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Part 1:Foundations of Functional Programming in C#
2
Chapter 1: Getting Started with Functional Programming
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Chapter 1: Getting Started with Functional Programming
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Functional versus imperative versus object-oriented programming
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How functional programming is supported in C#
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How to write functional code in C#
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A practical example – a book publishing system
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How to combine functional and object-oriented paradigms
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Meet Steve and Julia
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Summary
3
Chapter 2: Expressions and Statements
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Chapter 2: Expressions and Statements
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Task 1 – Name and count all expressions and all statements
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Task 2 – Use expressions instead of statements
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Task 3 – Create an expression tree
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Understanding the difference between expressions and statements
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How to use expressions for clear and simple code
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Lambda expressions, expression-bodied members, and anonymous methods
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Expression trees and how to use them to manipulate expressions at runtime
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Guided exercise – constructing and manipulating expression trees
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Problem sets and exercises
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Exercises
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Solutions
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Summary
4
Chapter 3: Pure Functions and Side Effects
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Chapter 3: Pure Functions and Side Effects
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Task 1 – Refactoring to a pure function
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Task 2 – Isolating side effects
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Task 3 – Using a Pure attribute
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Understanding pure functions
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Side effects
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Strategies to minimize side effects
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Marking pure functions with the Pure attribute
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Exercises
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Solutions
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Summary
5
Chapter 4: Honest Functions, Null, and Option
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Chapter 4: Honest Functions, Null, and Option
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Task 1 – Refactor for honest return types
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Task 2 – Guard against null inputs
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Task 3 – Pattern matching with nullable types
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Honest functions – definition and understanding
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The problems with hidden nulls
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Embracing honesty with nullable reference types
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Returning with intention
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Demanding honesty from function inputs
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Pattern matching and nullable types
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The null object pattern
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Beyond null – using Option
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Practical scenarios – handling nulls effectively
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The reality of honesty in C# – why there will never be truly honest functions
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The compromises of the C# language design
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Practical tips and best practices
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Exercises
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Solutions
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Summary
6
Part 2:Advanced Functional Techniques
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Part 2:Advanced Functional Techniques
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Chapter 5: Error Handling
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Chapter 5: Error Handling
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Task 1 – Custom error types and result usage
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Task 2 – Utilizing ROP for validation and processing
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Task 3 – Implementing a Retry mechanism using functional techniques
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Traditional error handling in C#
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The Result type
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Railway-Oriented Programming (ROP)
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Designing your own error-handling mechanisms
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Practical tips for functional error handling
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Traditional versus functional error handling comparison
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Patterns and anti-patterns in functional error handling
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Solutions
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Summary
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Chapter 6: Higher-Order Functions and Delegates
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Chapter 6: Higher-Order Functions and Delegates
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Task 1 – Sorting function
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Task 2 – Customized calculations
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Task 3 – Comparison
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Understanding higher-order functions
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Delegates, actions, funcs, and predicates
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Callbacks, events, and anonymous methods
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Harnessing LINQ methods as higher-order functions
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Case study – putting it all together
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Best practices and common pitfalls
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Exercises
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Solutions
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Summary
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Chapter 7: Functors and Monads
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Chapter 7: Functors and Monads
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Task 1 – Functor usage
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Task 2 – Applicative functor
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Task 3 – Monad usage
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What’s a functor?
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Applicative functors
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Monads
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Key takeaways
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Exercises
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Solutions
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Summary
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Part 3:Practical Functional Programming
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Part 3:Practical Functional Programming
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Chapter 8: Recursion and Tail Calls
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Chapter 8: Recursion and Tail Calls
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Task 1 – Recursive enemy count
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Task 2 – Wave generation
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Task 3 – Asynchronously updating enemy stats
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Introducing recursion
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Recursive thinking
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Types of recursion
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Challenges of recursion
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Leveraging C# features for recursion
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Advanced recursive patterns
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Comparison with iterative solutions
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Recursion in asynchronous programming
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Synchronous versus asynchronous recursion
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Exercises
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Solutions
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Summary
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Chapter 9: Currying and Partial Application
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Chapter 9: Currying and Partial Application
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Task 1 – Currying tower attack functions
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Task 2 – Partial application for game settings
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Task 3 – Currying permission checks for game features
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Understanding currying
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Step-by-step implementation of currying
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Partial application
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Areas for partial application
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Challenges and limitations
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Exercises
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Solutions
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Summary
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Chapter 10: Pipelines and Composition
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Chapter 10: Pipelines and Composition
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Task 1 – Enemy wave processing pipeline
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Task 2 – Game data file processing
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Task 3 – Dynamic SQL query generation using currying and partial application
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Function composition
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Building pipelines
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Performance considerations
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The fluent interface
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Advanced composition with monads
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Exercises
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Solutions
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Summary
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Part 4:Conclusion and Future Directions
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Part 4:Conclusion and Future Directions
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Chapter 11: Reflecting and Looking Ahead
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Chapter 11: Reflecting and Looking Ahead
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A summary of the main concepts and techniques
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Comparison with other languages
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Resources for further learning
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Closing thoughts
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Index
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Index
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Why subscribe?
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Other Books You May Enjoy
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Other Books You May Enjoy
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Packt is searching for authors like you
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Share Your Thoughts
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Download a free PDF copy of this book

Exercises

In this section, you will help Steve to develop and refactor his tower defense game in a functional programming way.

Exercise 1

Name and count all expressions and all statements in the code snippet below:

Tower mainTower = new(position: new Vector2(5, 5));
for (int level = 1; level <= mainTower.MaxLevel; level++)
{
     double upgradeCost = 100 * Math.Pow(1.5, level - 1);
     Console.WriteLine($"Upgrading to level {level} costs {upgradeCost} gold");
     if (playerGold >= upgradeCost)
     {
                  mainTower.Upgrade();
                  playerGold -= upgradeCost;
     }
}

Exercise 2

Refactor the code below to use expressions instead...

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