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Functional Python Programming

Functional Python Programming

By : Steven F. Lott
4 (9)
Buy this Book
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Functional Python Programming

Functional Python Programming

4 (9)
By: Steven F. Lott
Buy this Book

Overview of this book

This book is for developers who want to use Python to write programs that lean heavily on functional programming design patterns. You should be comfortable with Python programming, but no knowledge of functional programming paradigms is needed.
Table of Contents (18 chapters)
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Preface
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Preface
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What this book covers
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What you need for this book
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Who this book is for
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Conventions
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Reader feedback
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Customer support
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1
1. Introducing Functional Programming
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1. Introducing Functional Programming
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Identifying a paradigm
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Subdividing the procedural paradigm
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A classic example of functional programming
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Exploratory Data Analysis
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Summary
2
2. Introducing Some Functional Features
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2. Introducing Some Functional Features
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First-class functions
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Immutable data
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Strict and non-strict evaluation
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Recursion instead of a explicit loop state
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Functional type systems
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Familiar territory
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Saving some advanced concepts
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Summary
3
3. Functions, Iterators, and Generators
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3. Functions, Iterators, and Generators
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Writing pure functions
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Functions as first-class objects
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Using strings
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Using tuples and namedtuples
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Cleaning raw data with generator functions
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Using lists, dicts, and sets
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Summary
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4. Working with Collections
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4. Working with Collections
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An overview of function varieties
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Working with iterables
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Using zip() to structure and flatten sequences
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Using reversed() to change the order
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Using enumerate() to include a sequence number
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Summary
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5. Higher-order Functions
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5. Higher-order Functions
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Using max() and min() to find extrema
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Using Python lambda forms
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Lambdas and the lambda calculus
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Using the map() function to apply a function to a collection
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Using map() with multiple sequences
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Using the filter() function to pass or reject data
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Using filter() to identify outliers
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The iter() function with a sentinel value
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Using sorted() to put data in order
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Writing higher-order functions
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Writing higher-order mappings and filters
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Writing generator functions
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Building higher-order functions with Callables
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Looking at some of the design patterns
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Summary
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6. Recursions and Reductions
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6. Recursions and Reductions
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Simple numerical recursions
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Group-by reductions – from many to fewer
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Summary
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7. Additional Tuple Techniques
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7. Additional Tuple Techniques
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Using an immutable namedtuple as a record
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Building namedtuples with functional constructors
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Avoiding stateful classes by using families of tuples
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Polymorphism and Pythonic pattern matching
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Summary
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8. The Itertools Module
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8. The Itertools Module
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Working with the infinite iterators
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Using the finite iterators
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Cloning iterators with tee()
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The itertools recipes
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Summary
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9. More Itertools Techniques
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9. More Itertools Techniques
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Enumerating the Cartesian product
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Reducing a product
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Permuting a collection of values
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Generating all combinations
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Recipes
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Summary
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10. The Functools Module
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10. The Functools Module
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Function tools
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Memoizing previous results with lru_cache
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Defining classes with total ordering
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Applying partial arguments with partial()
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Reducing sets of data with reduce()
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Summary
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11. Decorator Design Techniques
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11. Decorator Design Techniques
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Decorators as higher-order functions
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Cross-cutting concerns
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Composite design
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Adding a parameter to a decorator
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Implementing more complex descriptors
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Recognizing design limitations
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Summary
12
12. The Multiprocessing and Threading Modules
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12. The Multiprocessing and Threading Modules
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What concurrency really means
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The boundary conditions
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Sharing resources with process or threads
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Where benefits will accrue
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Using multiprocessing pools and tasks
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Using a multiprocessing pool for concurrent processing
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Summary
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13. Conditional Expressions and the Operator Module
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13. Conditional Expressions and the Operator Module
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Evaluating conditional expressions
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Using the operator module instead of lambdas
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Starmapping with operators
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Reducing with operators
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Summary
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14. The PyMonad Library
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14. The PyMonad Library
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Downloading and installing
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Functional composition and currying
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Functional composition and the PyMonad multiplication operator
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Functors and applicative functors
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Monad concepts, the bind() function and the Binary Right Shift operator
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Implementing simulation with monads
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Additional PyMonad features
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Summary
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15. A Functional Approach to Web Services
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15. A Functional Approach to Web Services
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The HTTP request-response model
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The WSGI standard
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Defining web services as functions
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Tracking usage
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Summary
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16. Optimizations and Improvements
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16. Optimizations and Improvements
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Memoization and caching
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Specializing memoization
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Optimizing storage
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Optimizing accuracy
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Case study – making a chi-squared decision
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Computing expected values and displaying a contingency table
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Summary
17
Index
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Index

Specializing memoization

The essential idea of memoization is so simple that it can be captured by the @lru_cache decorator. This decorator can be applied to any function to implement memoization. In some cases, we might be able to improve on the generic idea with something more specialized. There are a large number of potentially optimizable multivalued functions. We'll pick one here and look at another in a more complex case study.

The binomial, Specializing memoization, shows the number of ways n different things can be arranged in groups of size m. The value is as follows:

Specializing memoization

Clearly, we should cache the factorial calculations rather than redo all those multiplications. However, we may also benefit from caching the overall binomial calculation, too.

We'll create a Callable object that contains multiple internal caches. Here's a helper function that we'll need:

from functools import reduce
from operator import mul
prod = lambda x: reduce(mul, x)

The prod() function computes the product of an iterable...

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