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Practical Industrial Internet of Things Security

By : Sravani Bhattacharjee

5 (3)

Practical Industrial Internet of Things Security

5 (3)

By: Sravani Bhattacharjee

Overview of this book

Securing connected industries and autonomous systems is of primary concern to the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) community. Unlike cybersecurity, cyber-physical security directly ties to system reliability as well as human and environmental safety. This hands-on guide begins by establishing the foundational concepts of IIoT security with the help of real-world case studies, threat models, and reference architectures. You’ll work with practical tools to design risk-based security controls for industrial use cases and gain practical knowledge of multi-layered defense techniques, including identity and access management (IAM), endpoint security, and communication infrastructure. You’ll also understand how to secure IIoT lifecycle processes, standardization, and governance. In the concluding chapters, you’ll explore the design and implementation of resilient connected systems with emerging technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. By the end of this book, you’ll be equipped with the all the knowledge required to design industry-standard IoT systems confidently.

Preface

Preface

Who this book is for

What this book covers

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An Unprecedented Opportunity at Stake

An Unprecedented Opportunity at Stake

Defining the Industrial IoT

Industrial IoT security – a business imperative

Cybersecurity versus cyber-physical IoT security

Industrial "things," connectivity, and operational technologies

IT and OT convergence – what it really means

Industrial IoT deployment architecture

Divergence in IT and OT security fundamentals

Industrial threats, vulnerabilities, and risk factors

Evolution of cyber-physical attacks

Industrial IoT use cases – examining the cyber risk gap

Summary

Industrial IoT Dataflow and Security Architecture

Industrial IoT Dataflow and Security Architecture

Primer on IIoT attacks and countermeasures

Trustworthiness of an IIoT system

Industrial big data pipeline and architectures

Industrial IoT security architecture

Summary

IIoT Identity and Access Management

IIoT Identity and Access Management

A primer on identity and access control

Distinguishing features of IAM in IIoT

Identity management across the device lifecycle

Authentication and authorization frameworks for IIoT

Trust models – public key infrastructures and digital certificates

PKI certificate standards for IIoT

Extending the OAuth 2.0 authorization framework for IoT access control

IEEE 802.1x

Identity support in messaging protocols

Monitoring and management capabilities

Building an IAM strategy for IIoT deployment

Summary

Endpoint Security and Trustworthiness

Endpoint Security and Trustworthiness

Defining an IIoT endpoint

Endpoint security enabling technologies

IIoT endpoint vulnerabilities

Establishing trust in hardware

Endpoint identity and access control

Initialization and boot process integrity

Establishing endpoint trust during operations

Endpoint data integrity

Endpoint security using isolation techniques

Endpoint physical security

Machine learning enabled endpoint security

Endpoint security testing and certification

Endpoint protection industry standards

Summary

Securing Connectivity and Communications

Securing Connectivity and Communications

Definitions – networking, communications, and connectivity

Distinguishing features of IIoT connectivity

IIoT connectivity architectures

Controls for IIoT connectivity protection

Security assessment of IIoT connectivity standards and protocols

Fieldbus protocols

Connectivity framework standards

Connectivity transport standards

Connectivity network standards

Data link and physical access standards

Summary

Securing IIoT Edge, Cloud, and Apps

Securing IIoT Edge, Cloud, and Apps

Defining edge, fog, and cloud computing

IIoT cloud security architecture

Cloud security – shared responsibility model

Defense-in-depth cloud security strategy

Infrastructure security

Identity and access management

Application security

Data protection

Data encryption

Securing the data life cycle

Cloud security operations life cycle

Secure device management

Cloud security standards and compliance

Case study of IIoT cloud platforms

Cloud security assessment

Summary

Secure Processes and Governance

Secure Processes and Governance

Challenges of unified security governance

Securing processes across the IIoT life cycle

Understanding security roles

Elements of an IIoT security program

Security maturity model

Implementing an IIoT security program

Summary

IIoT Security Using Emerging Technologies

IIoT Security Using Emerging Technologies

Blockchain to secure IIoT transactions

Cognitive countermeasures – AI, machine learning, and deep learning

Time-sensitive networking – Next-gen industrial connectivity

Other Promising Trends

Summary

Real-World Case Studies in IIoT Security

Real-World Case Studies in IIoT Security

Analysis of a real-world cyber-physical attack

Case study 2 – Building a successful IIoT security program

Case study 3 – ISA/IEC 62443 based industrial endpoint protection

Summary

The Road Ahead

The Road Ahead

An era of decentralized autonomy

Endpoint security

Standards and reference architecture

Industrial collaboration

Interoperability

Green patches in brownfield

Technology trends

Summary

I

I

II

II

Security standards – quick reference

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Definitions – networking, communications, and connectivity

The terms networking, communications, and connectivity are often used interchangeably, although these terms do have context-specific differences. For the sake of clarity, in this section, we shall define these terms and adhere to those definitions for the remainder of this book.

To arrive at the definitions, let's take recourse to the three prevalent standard-based information technology stack models:

Seven-layer OSI model (ISO/IEC 7498)
Four-layer TCP/IP stack
IIoT connectivity stack model (IIC-IICF)

Figure 5.1 shows the relative mapping of the various layers in each of the stack models:

Figure 5.1: Relative mapping of the communication stack models

As shown in Figure 5.1, the Network section of the stack deals with the infrastructure, technologies, and protocols for routing and forwarding packets...

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