As we march forward toward the inevitable heat death of the universe, all things change, including networks. Networks that change in time are called dynamic networks. Network science is often concerned with how the structure of networks influences underlying systems. But, the reverse can be true as well: the processes that take place in a system can influence its network structure.

One approach to understanding how networks change over time is to look at snapshots. A snapshot is a network containing only the nodes and edges that were present at a specific point in time (like taking a picture). By taking snapshots at different times, network properties can be calculated at each point to understand how the network has evolved. One way to represent dynamic networks is to include all nodes and edges, but annotate them with the times them were present in the network...