In addition to authentication procedures using keyboard dynamics, authentication methods that use facial recognition are increasingly common.

These procedures benefit from the growing diffusion of neural networks, as well as the availability of hardware peripherals (such as embedded cameras), which come pre-installed on smartphones and tablets, PCs, and other devices.

Strange as it may seem, the idea of ​​using biometric evidence is not new and can be traced back to less recent times. While the use of fingerprints entered the field of police operations at the beginning of the last century, some basic forms of facial recognition date back to posters depicting wanted outlaws, which was very common in the Wild West, to the most recent identikits that are used by investigators.

There is no doubt, however, that in recent...