Panel data (spreadsheet-like data with several distinguishable rows and columns; the kind of data we generally encounter) is best handled by the DataFrame data structure available in pandas and R. Arrays can be used too but it would be tedious.

So what is a good example of data in real life that can be best represented by an array? Images, which are generally represented as multidimensional arrays of pixels, are a good example. In this section, we will see examples of multidimensional representation of an image and why it makes sense.

Any object detection or image-processing algorithm performed on an image requires it to be represented in a numerical array format. For text data, term-document matrix and term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) are used to vectorize (create numerical arrays) the data. In the case of an...