Definitions and explanations

This is adding a comparable value to a particular data point. For example, you might compute and add a national ranking to each total by state:

This is almost like adding an opposite to a data point to see if it perhaps determines a different perspective. An example might be reviewing average body weights for patients who consume alcoholic beverages versus those who do not consume alcoholic beverages:

These are the typical mathematical calculations (or summaries) on the data as a whole or by other categories within the data, such as mean, median, and mode. For example, you might add a Median Heart Rate for Age Group that each patient in the data is a member of:

Again, these are mathematical calculations (or summaries), such as range, variance, and standard deviation, but they describe the average of a dataset (or group within the...