7. Sequential Data Models | Scala for Machine Learning

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Scala for Machine Learning

By : R. Nicolas

3.8 (12)

Scala for Machine Learning

3.8 (12)

By: R. Nicolas

Overview of this book

Are you curious about AI? All you need is a good understanding of the Scala programming language, a basic knowledge of statistics, a keen interest in Big Data processing, and this book!

Preface

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Free Chapter

1. Getting Started

1. Getting Started

Mathematical notation for the curious

Why machine learning?

Why Scala?

Model categorization

Taxonomy of machine learning algorithms

Tools and frameworks

Source code

Let's kick the tires

Summary

2. Hello World!

2. Hello World!

Modeling

Designing a workflow

Assessing a model

Summary

3. Data Preprocessing

3. Data Preprocessing

Time series

Moving averages

Fourier analysis

The Kalman filter

Alternative preprocessing techniques

Summary

4. Unsupervised Learning

4. Unsupervised Learning

Clustering

Dimension reduction

Performance considerations

Summary

5. Naïve Bayes Classifiers

5. Naïve Bayes Classifiers

Probabilistic graphical models

Naïve Bayes classifiers

Multivariate Bernoulli classification

Naïve Bayes and text mining

Pros and cons

Summary

6. Regression and Regularization

6. Regression and Regularization

Linear regression

Regularization

Numerical optimization

The logistic regression

Summary

7. Sequential Data Models

7. Sequential Data Models

Markov decision processes

The hidden Markov model (HMM)

Conditional random fields

CRF and text analytics

Comparing CRF and HMM

Performance consideration

Summary

8. Kernel Models and Support Vector Machines

8. Kernel Models and Support Vector Machines

Kernel functions

The support vector machine (SVM)

Support vector classifier (SVC)

Anomaly detection with one-class SVC

Support vector regression (SVR)

Performance considerations

Summary

9. Artificial Neural Networks

9. Artificial Neural Networks

Feed-forward neural networks (FFNN)

The multilayer perceptron (MLP)

Evaluation

Benefits and limitations

Summary

10. Genetic Algorithms

10. Genetic Algorithms

Evolution

Genetic algorithms and machine learning

Genetic algorithm components

Implementation

GA for trading strategies

Advantages and risks of genetic algorithms

Summary

11. Reinforcement Learning

11. Reinforcement Learning

Introduction

Learning classifier systems

Summary

12. Scalable Frameworks

12. Scalable Frameworks

Overview

Scala

Scalability with Actors

Akka

Apache Spark

Summary

A. Basic Concepts

A. Basic Concepts

Scala programming

Mathematics

Finances 101

Suggested online courses

References

Index

Index

Customer Reviews

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The hidden Markov model

The hidden Markov model has numerous applications related to speech recognition, face identification (biometrics), and pattern recognition in pictures and videos [7:3].

A hidden Markov model consists of a Markov process (also known as a Markov chain) for observations with a discrete time. The main difference with the Markov processes is that the states are not observable. A new observation is emitted with a probability known as the emission probability each time the state of the system or model changes.

There are two sources of randomness, which are as follows:

Transition between states
Emission of an observation when a state is given

Let's reuse the boxes and balls example. If the boxes are hidden states (nonobservable), then the user draws the balls whose color is not visible. The emission probability is the probability b_ik =p(o_t = colork|q_t =S_i) to retrieve a ball of the color k from a hidden box I, as shown in the following diagram:

The hidden Markov model for the balls...

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