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Crystal Programming

Crystal Programming

By : George Dietrich, Bernal
5 (1)
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Crystal Programming

Crystal Programming

5 (1)
By: George Dietrich, Bernal

Overview of this book

Crystal is a programming language with a concise and user-friendly syntax, along with a seamless system and a performant core, reaching C-like speed. This book will help you gain a deep understanding of the fundamental concepts of Crystal and show you how to apply them to create various types of applications. This book comes packed with step-by-step explanations of essential concepts and practical examples. You'll learn how to use Crystal’s features to create complex and organized projects relying on OOP and its most common design patterns. As you progress, you'll gain a solid understanding of both the basic and advanced features of Crystal. This will enable you to build any application, including command-line interface (CLI) programs and web applications using IOs, concurrency and C bindings, HTTP servers, and the JSON API. By the end of this programming book, you’ll be equipped with the skills you need to use Crystal programming for building and understanding any application you come across.
Table of Contents (26 chapters)
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1
Part 1: Getting Started
5
Part 2: Learning by Doing – CLI
10
Part 3: Learn by Doing – Web Application
13
Part 4: Metaprogramming
18
Part 5: Supporting Tools

Determining a constant's value at compile time

Constants in Crystal are constant but not frozen. In other words, this means if you define a constant as an array, you would not be able to change its value to String, but you could push/pop values to/from the array. This, coupled with macros being able to access the constant's value, lead to a fairly common practice of using macros to mutate constants at compile time so that the values could later be used/iterated over in a finished hook.

With the introduction of annotations, this pattern is no longer as useful as it once was. However, it can still be helpful when you want to allow the user to be able to influence some aspect of your macro logic and there is no place to apply an annotation. One of the main benefits of this approach is that it can be called anywhere within the source code and still be applied, unlike annotations, which need to be applied to a related item.

For example, say we wanted to have a way to register...

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